Demon - Oni

Japanese: 鬼 - おに

[1] 〘Noun〙① (From the ' kaku' meaning 'hidden' , meaning something that is hidden and invisible to the human eye) The spirit of the dead. Spirit. [Wamyosho, 10 volumes (c. 934)]② An intangible ghost believed to haunt people. A monster. A ghost. ※Shoki (720) Kamiyo-jo (Mito Hon-kun) "This is the source of the connection to ward off demons by using peaches . "③ An imaginary monster. It is confused with the Buddhist rakshasa , and appears in the human world as a hungry ghost, a blue demon of hell, a red demon, or a handsome man or woman. Also, under the influence of Onmyodo , it was said to take on a human form, with a mouth split to the ears, sharp fangs , cow horns on its head, naked but wearing a tiger-skin loincloth, with superhuman strength, and a violent nature. Yasha (Yasha) . Rakshasa (Rasetsu) . ※The Bamboo Cutter (late 9th century - early 10th century) "Sometimes, the wind blows me to an unknown country, and I want to kill an ogre-like thing." ④ In folk legends, it is connected to giant worship, and is thought to be a part of the indigenous people, outcasts from society, and their descendants as mountain men, and it can refer to an unfamiliar foreigner. It can also refer to mountain spirits and evil spirits that harm farming, bring plague, and torment humans. ⑤ It refers to unknown people who are native to remote mountain areas such as Shugendo practitioners, or mountain slums . ※Kishu Muro County Kitayama Village Land Survey Record - Bunroku 4 (1595) "One field, one reef, twelve steps, an ogre." ⑥ (Used figuratively) A person who has the qualities of an ogre. Also, a person who has a similar appearance to an ogre. (i) A fierce and frightening person. ※Joruri, Yoshitsune Senbonzakura (1747), 4: "He calls himself a demon, but he is no wicked one , the demon Sadobo of Umemoto" (ro) A person who puts his heart and soul into something. "A demon of work" ※The Hunting Gun (1949) <Inoue Yasushi> "That boy is simply a demon of speed" (ha) A merciless person. A cruel person. ※Joruri, Heike Nyogoshima (1719), 2: "There are no demons on the island of demons, but the demons are in the capital" (ni) A debt collector. A debt collector. ※Sakehon, Jukai Osho Hanashi (1798), 2: "He is always being tormented by the demon of money" ( ho ) (from the fact that he always stands there with a stick in his hand) A bridge guard at Nihonbashi in Edo. ※Zappai, Yanagi Taru-32 (1805) "A human demon stands in the middle of Edo" (He) (From the fact that she forcibly attracted customers) A cheap prostitute from the East Bank of Shin-Yoshiwara in Edo. ※Zappai, Yanagi Taru-21 (1786) "She escapes from the Tomonoya with her demonic arms" ⑦ (Abbreviation of "Oniyake", a young man who is the target of homosexuality) Another name for male prostitutes and kagema (male prostitutes) . ※Zappai, Kawaba Yanagi (1780-83) 1 "A demon of about 18 is not fit to be a widow" ⑧ A person who tests the poison in the food and drink of nobles. ※Annual events in the Kamakura Imperial Palace and below (1454 Ka) January 5th "The palace demon _{is reported} to be killed" ⑨ A role to catch or find people in games such as "tag" and "hide and seek". Also, such games. *Kabuki: Hokakematsu Narita Riken (1823), finale: "Oni ya o-oni ya, te wa kara ga kure ho" (Demon, demon, towards the clapping of hands) ⑩ Name of a crest. Katao-oni, Men-oni, etc. ⑪ A special card used in the game of Karuta gambling, "Kingo". [2] [Prefix] Used before other nouns to express bravery, mercilessness, strangeness, giganticness, etc. "Oni-otoko" (demon man), "Oni Shogun" (demon general), etc. *Muromachi-dono Nikki (Diary of the Lady Muromachi) (around 1602), 8 "Even in the Nobunaga household, the children of the land were called Oni Shibata" [Etymology] (1) The Japanese "oni" (demon) was read as "mono" or "shiko" and meant an invisible evil spirit or a "mononoke" (mononoke). It was originally a different concept from the Chinese "ki " (demon) , which means the dead, but it seems that they were assimilated and confused at a fairly early stage, and the meaning of the word "oni" expanded.
(2) In the Muromachi period, a tiger-skin loincloth, a muscular body, and horns on its head were created, and this was disseminated through stories such as Otogi-zoshi. In the early modern and modern periods, it became more commonly used as a metaphor to express brutality and ferocity.

Ki [Demon]

[1] [noun] ① the soul of the dead. Spirit. Ghost. ※Taiheiki (late 14th century) 34: “Even the most humble person becomes a spirit or a demon after death, and the reason for this and that is clear.” [Book of Rites - Rites] ② a spirit worshipped as a god. Hitogami. Hito-oni. [Analects - Wei Zheng] ③ a type of human god that has no designated place to be enshrined. [Book of Rites - Rites] ④ a being that resides in an invisible place and is said to have a mysterious power greater than that of a human. In one theory, the spirit of a wise man is called a god, as opposed to the spirit of a saint. ※Joruri - Reki (1685) 3: “Senku wa mon ni o honeriri ryau ki kata tome keru.” [Translated Names - Collection - 2] ⑤ an evil god that harms people. Akuki. Reiki . Mononoke. [Book of Songs - Xiaoya - He Ren Si] ⑥ (translation of preta) Buddhist term. A deceased person who has fallen into the realm of hungry ghosts. It includes those who are always chased by hunger and thirst, as well as those blessed with wealth and power, such as yakshas and rakshasas . Also, when this is called "oni", it refers to the prison guards of hell. Hungry ghost. ※Ojoyoshu (984-985) Large Text 1 "Some _demons have _double- bodied _bodies . They are so big that they are twice as tall as _humans . _{They do not} have _double faces, _and their arms and legs _are as thick as _double legs." [Translated Name Collection - 2] [2] Name of a star. The second southern mansion of the 28 mansions. The four stars in the center of Cancer, including the star cluster Praesepe in the center. Oni-shu. Tamao-no-hoshi. Tamahome-boshi. ※Joruri: Tofune Banashi: Imanokuni Seiya (1722) Part 2: “Nandina is good, chin, ki, riu, sei, chau, sei.”

Oni-shi [demon]

〘Adj.〙 (adjectival form of the noun "oni (demon)") Like a demon. Savage and frightening. No human feeling. Onionishi. ※Kawachi Genji (around 1001-14) Tamakazura "Rather than let the pirates continue in their tactics, I wonder if that dreadful man is chasing me, and there is nothing I can do."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙① (「隠(おん)」が変化したもので、隠れて人の目に見えないものの意という) 死者の霊魂。精霊。〔十巻本和名抄（934頃）〕② 人にたたりをすると信じられていた無形の幽魂など。もののけ。幽鬼。※書紀（720）神代上（水戸本訓）「此れ桃を用て鬼(ヲニ)を避(ふせ)ぐ縁(ことのもと)なり」③ 想像上の怪物。仏教の羅刹(らせつ)と混同され、餓鬼、地獄の青鬼、赤鬼などになり、また、美男、美女となって人間世界に現われたりする。また、陰陽道(おんようどう)の影響で、人間の姿をとり、口は耳まで裂け、鋭い牙(きば)をもち、頭に牛の角があり、裸に虎の皮の褌をしめ、怪力をもち、性質が荒々しいものとされた。夜叉(やしゃ)。羅刹(らせつ)。※竹取（９Ｃ末‐１０Ｃ初）「ある時には、風につけて知らぬ国に吹き寄せられて、鬼のやうなる物出来て殺さんとしき」④ 民間の伝承では、巨人信仰と結びついたり、先住民の一部や社会の落伍者およびその子孫としての山男と考えられ、見なれない異人をさす場合がある。また、山の精霊や耕作を害し、疫病をもたらし人間を苦しめる悪霊をもさす場合がある。⑤ 修験道者などが奥地の山間部に土着した無名の者、または山窩(さんか)の類をいう。※紀州室郡北山村検地帳‐文祿四年（1595）「一下畑壱畝拾弐歩鬼」⑥ (比喩的に用いて) 鬼のような性質をもっている人。また、鬼の姿と類似点のある人。(イ) 荒々しくおそるべき人。※浄瑠璃・義経千本桜（1747）四「鬼と名乗るは違はぬ悪者(わるもの)、梅本の鬼佐渡坊」(ロ) 物事に精魂を傾ける人。「仕事の鬼」※猟銃（1949）〈井上靖〉「あの少年は〈略〉、ただもうスピードの鬼になって仕舞ふのです」(ハ) 無慈悲な人。むごい人。※浄瑠璃・平家女護島（1719）二「鬼界が嶋に鬼はなく、鬼は都に有けるぞや」(ニ) 借金取り。債鬼。※洒落本・十界和尚話（1798）二「いつでもしゃく銭の鬼(オニ)にせめらるるなり」(ホ) (常に棒を持って立っていたところから) 江戸、日本橋の橋番。※雑俳・柳多留‐三二（1805）「江戸のまん中に人鬼立てゐる」(ヘ) (むりやりに客を引いたところから) 江戸、新吉原東河岸の安女郎。※雑俳・柳多留‐二一（1786）「おにのうでとりにともべ屋からぬける」⑦ (男色の相手の若衆をいう「おにやけ」の略) 男娼、陰間(かげま)の異称。※雑俳・川傍柳（1780‐83）一「十八ぐらいの鬼では後家たらず」⑧ 貴人の飲食物の毒見役。※鎌倉殿中以下年中行事（1454か）正月五日「殿中おにを被_レ申」⑨ 「おにごっこ」や「かくれんぼ」などで人をつかまえたり、見つけたりする役。また、そうした遊び。※歌舞伎・法懸松成田利剣（1823）大詰「鬼や鬼や、手の鳴る方へ」⑩ 紋所の名。かたおに、めんおになど。⑪ カルタばくちの一種「きんご」に用いる特殊な札。[2] 〘接頭〙他の名詞の上に付いて、勇猛、無慈悲、異形、巨大などの意を表わす。「鬼男」「鬼将軍」など。※室町殿日記（1602頃）八「信長家中にても鬼柴田と天下の児童迄よびけるは」[語誌](1)日本の「鬼」はモノ、シコなどと訓まれて、目に見えない悪しき霊やモノノケを意味していた。死者を意味する中国の「鬼(き)」とは本来異なる概念であったが、かなり早い時期から習合、混同され、「おに」という語の意味する範囲が拡大したと思われる。
(2)室町時代には、虎皮の褌に筋骨たくましい体、頭の角、といった型がつくられ、御伽草子などを通じて流布されていった。近世、近代になると、粗暴さや凶悪さを表わすための比喩として用いられることが多くなる。

き【鬼】

[1] 〘名〙① 死者のたましい。霊魂。亡霊。※太平記（１４Ｃ後）三四「いかなる賤き者までも、死ては霊となり鬼(キ)と成て彼を是し此を非する理明らか也」〔礼記‐祭義〕② 神としてまつられる霊魂。ひとがみ。人鬼。〔論語‐為政〕③ ひとがみのうち、特に定められた神位に安置する場所のないもの。〔礼記‐祭法〕④ 目に見えないところに居て、人間以上の不思議な力があるとされるもの。一説に、聖人の精気を神というのに対して、賢人の精気をいう。※浄瑠璃・暦（1685）三「せんくはもんにはおほとねりりゃうきのかたちをつとめける」〔翻訳名義集‐二〕⑤ 人に害を与える悪い神。悪鬼。厲鬼(れいき)。もののけ。〔詩経‐小雅・何人斯〕⑥ (preta の訳語) 仏語。餓鬼道に落ちた亡者。いつも飢渇に追われているものから、財にめぐまれ、勢力もある、夜叉(やしゃ)、羅刹(らせつ)のようなものまでを含む。また、これを「おに」と呼ぶときは、地獄の獄卒などをさす。餓鬼。※往生要集（984‐985）大文一「或有_レ鬼、名_二鑊身_一。其身長大、過_レ人両倍。無_レ有_二面目_一、手足猶如_二鑊脚_一」〔翻訳名義集‐二〕[2] 星の名。二十八宿の南方第二宿。かに座の中心部の四星、中央に星団プレセペを含む。鬼宿。たまおのほし。たまほめぼし。※浄瑠璃・唐船噺今国性爺（1722）下「南天には、よく、ちん、き、りう、せい、ちゃう、せい」