A general term for parasitic worms of the genus Echinococcus, order Cynodontida, family Taeniidae, phylum Platyhelminthes. Two species are distributed in Japan: E. granulosus (rarely found nationwide, but sporadically) and E. multilocularis (found throughout Hokkaido). Adult Echinococcus granulosus are 2-7 mm long and consist of a scolex and three proglottids. They parasitize the small intestine of dogs and other animals. The eggs excreted with the feces of dogs are eaten by intermediate hosts such as cattle, sheep, deer, and horses, and the larvae that hatch in the small intestine invade the intestinal wall and migrate to organs such as the liver and lungs via the bloodstream or lymph, forming hydatids. Echinococcus granulosus hydatids are small pouches that gradually develop into the size of a chicken egg or even the size of a child's head, and the inside of the pouch fills with fluid. Numerous small pouches called brood cells are produced from the inner wall of the pouch, and each brood cell contains several to more than 100 protoscolex. As a result, countless protoscolex are produced from a single egg. In countries where livestock farming is common, dogs are fed sheep and cattle innards and mixed meat. If a hydatid is present in this organism, the protoscolices within the hydatid will develop into adult worms in the small intestine of the dog, which is its definitive host. Meanwhile, adult Echinococcus multilocularis worms are 1.2-4.5 mm long, consist of a scolex and 2-4 proglottids, and parasitize the intestines of animals such as foxes and dogs. The eggs are eaten by intermediate hosts such as rodents, and produce hydatids in the liver and other organs. Echinococcus multilocularis hydatids are called hydatids, and small sacs measuring 1-5 mm in diameter are formed one after another to form a cluster. Breeding vacuoles containing protoscolex form within the sac walls. Hydatids can metastasize from the primary site to other organs, reminiscent of malignant tumors. If humans orally ingest eggs attached to fox fur or wild strawberries or bilberries, they become intermediate hosts and contract hydatid disease. The infection rate of Echinococcus multilocularis among red foxes in Hokkaido is 50%. There is no surefire treatment for hydatids other than surgical removal. Early detection by immunodiagnosis is important. Echinococcus was originally the name given to larval hydatids, but later came to be used for adult hydatids as well. For this reason, the term is used to refer to both adult and larval hydatids. [Masaaki Machida] [Reference items] | |©Shogakukan "> Tapeworm Developmental Ring (Echinococcus multilocularis) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
扁形(へんけい)動物門条虫綱円葉目テニア科エキノコックスEchinococcus属の寄生虫の総称。日本には単包(たんほう)条虫E. granulosus(全国的に散発するがまれ)と多包(たほう)条虫E. multilocularis(北海道全域)の2種が分布する。 単包条虫の成虫は体長2~7ミリメートル、頭節と3個の片節からなり、イヌなどの小腸に寄生する。イヌの糞便(ふんべん)とともに排出された卵は、中間宿主のウシ、ヒツジ、シカ、ウマなどに食べられ、その小腸内で孵化(ふか)した幼虫は腸壁に侵入し、血流あるいはリンパによって肝臓や肺などの臓器に移行し包虫(ほうちゅう)を形成する。単包条虫の包虫を単包虫といい、初めは小さな袋が徐々に発育して鶏卵(けいらん)大あるいは小児頭大にもなり、袋内部は液で満たされる。この袋の内壁から多数の繁殖胞とよばれる小さな袋が生じ、各繁殖胞には数個から100個以上の原頭節が含まれる。この結果、1個の卵から無数の原頭節がつくられることになる。牧畜の盛んな国ではヒツジやウシの内臓や雑肉をイヌに与える。これに包虫が寄生していれば包虫内の原頭節は固有宿主であるイヌの小腸内で成虫に発育する。 一方、多包条虫の成虫は体長1.2~4.5ミリメートルで、頭節と2~4個の片節からなり、キツネやイヌなどの腸に寄生している。卵は中間宿主のノネズミ類に食べられ、肝臓などで包虫をつくる。多包条虫の包虫を多包虫とよび、直径1~5ミリメートルの小さな袋が次々と形成されて集合体となる。原頭節を含む繁殖胞は袋壁内にできる。多包虫は原発部位から他の臓器へ転移することもあり、悪性腫瘍(しゅよう)を思わせる。 ヒトがキツネの毛皮あるいは野生のイチゴやコケモモなどに付着した卵を経口摂取すれば、中間宿主となって包虫症にかかる。北海道のキタキツネの多包条虫感染率は50%である。包虫は外科的に摘出する以外確実な治療法はない。免疫診断などで早期に発見することが重要となる。エキノコックスは初め幼虫の包虫につけられた名称であるが、のちに成虫にも使われるようになった。このため成虫の包条虫と幼虫の包虫の両者に用いられる。 [町田昌昭] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> 条虫の発育環(多包条虫) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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