A general term for organic solids that have no affinity for water, usually have a melting point of around 70°C or slightly higher, have a certain softening temperature range, are plastic, have low melt viscosity, and have a unique luster and hardness. Also called wax. Originally, wax was extracted and used by humans from natural products, so it contains a variety of substances named after the substances extracted, such as beeswax, privet wax, wood wax, and earth wax, and its composition is also diverse. In comparison with natural fats and oils, which are higher fatty acid glycerides, while the main biological natural waxes are monovalent (or rarely divalent) alcohol esters of higher fatty acids, wax is defined chemically as a monovalent or divalent alcohol ester of higher fatty acids. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
水に親和性がなく,通常70℃前後または若干高めの融点をもつ有機物の固体で,ある一定の軟化温度幅をもち,可塑性で,溶融粘度が低く,独特のつやや硬度をもった物質の総称。ワックスともいう。元来,蠟は人類が天然物からのこのような物性のものを採取利用したものなので,蜜蠟,イボタ蠟,木蠟,地蠟(ちろう)などと抽出物質の名を冠して呼ばれる多様な物質を含んでおり,その組成も多様である。天然物の油脂に対比してみると,油脂が高級脂肪酸グリセリドであるのに対して,主要な生物系天然蠟は高級脂肪酸の1価(まれには2価)のアルコールエステルであるところから,化学的に定義する場合は,高級脂肪酸の一価または二価アルコールエステルを蠟としている。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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