A town on the west bank of the Jordan River in Palestine. It is located 8 km south of Jerusalem, on the edge of the "Hills of Juda" that extend to the Dead Sea in the central mountain range of Palestine, along the road to Jerusalem. In Arabic, it is called Bayt Laḥm, meaning "house of meat," and in Hebrew, Bethlehem, meaning "house of bread." It is believed to be the birthplace of Jesus Christ. Around 330, Helena, the mother of Constantine I, built the Church of the Nativity over the cave where Jesus was said to have been born, and Justinian I rebuilt it in its present-day form around the 6th century. The name of the town is said to have appeared in records from the 14th century BC. It was a holy place of pilgrimage for Christians for a long time, and developed as a trading post for nearby villages and nomads from the wilderness. From around the 16th century, crafts using olive wood and mother-of-pearl developed. It was incorporated into Jordan in 1950, but has been under Israeli occupation since 1967. In 2012, the Church of the Nativity and the pilgrimage route were registered as cultural heritage of the World Heritage Sites. Population: 29,019 (2005 estimate). Bethlehem |
パレスチナ,ヨルダン川西岸にある町。エルサレムの南 8km,パレスチナ中央山脈,死海まで続く「ユダの丘」の端に位置し,エルサレムに通じる道に沿っている。アラビア語では「肉の家」を意味するバイトラフム Bayt Laḥm,ヘブライ語では「パンの家」を意味するベツレヘム Bet Leḥmという。イエス・キリストの生誕地と信じられている。330年頃,コンスタンチヌス1世の母ヘレナが,イエスが誕生したと伝えられる洞窟の上に聖誕教会を建築,その後 6世紀頃ユスチニアヌス1世が今日の形に再建した。前14世紀の記録に町の名が現れているとされている。長い間キリスト教徒の巡礼の聖地で,付近の村や荒地の遊牧民の交易所として発展。16世紀頃からオリーブ材や真珠貝の細工が発達した。1950年ヨルダンに編入されたが,1967年以降イスラエルの占領下にある。2012年,聖誕教会と巡礼路が世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。人口 2万9019(2005推計)。
ベスレヘム
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