Fukumotoism - Fukumotoism

Fukumoto Kazuo's Marxist theory was influential for a time immediately after the founding of the Japanese Communist Party. It emerged as a criticism of Yamakawa Hitoshi's Yamakawaism and had an overwhelming influence through student movements and other such activities from 1924 (Taisho 13) to 1927 (Showa 2), but it declined after being criticized by Comintern's "27 Theses." Returning to Japan after studying Lukacs, Korsch and others during his time in Germany, Fukumoto not only criticized the Marxist economics of Kawakami Hajime and Fukuda Tokuzo, but also intervened in the issue of organizing proletarian political parties at the time in articles such as "What processes will a 'change of direction' take? What process are we going through?" in the October 1925 issue of Marxism, where he argued that before forming a legal proletarian political party, Marxist political consciousness must first be separated and crystallized. To achieve this, he argued that a theoretical struggle with non-Marxist elements within the proletariat was necessary, and while quoting Lenin's What is to be Done, he criticized Yamakawa's theory of natural growth and the theory of a united front party, which became the guiding theory at the December 1926 conference to re-establish the Japanese Communist Party. It is also known as the theory of separation and combination, and the theory of the decline of Japanese capitalism. The Comintern's "27 Theses" criticized both Yamakawa and Fukumoto, and rejected Fukumoto's theory as sectarian. However, his method of political analysis based on the mechanical application of Marxist literature remained in the Japanese Communist Party for a long time afterwards. Fukumoto himself later turned to the study of the history of technology and the Renaissance.

[Tetsuro Kato]

"The Thoughts of Kazuo Fukumoto" edited by Ryo Kojima (2005, Kobushi Shobo)" ▽ "The Collected Works of Kazuo Fukumoto, 10 volumes (2008-present, Kobushi Shobo)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

日本共産党の創立直後の一時期影響力をもった福本和夫のマルクス主義理論。山川均(やまかわひとし)の山川イズムへの批判として現れ、1924（大正13）～1927年（昭和2）に学生運動などを通じて圧倒的影響力をもったが、コミンテルンの「27年テーゼ」で批判され衰退した。ドイツ留学中にルカーチ、コルシュなどを学んで帰国した福本は、河上肇(かわかみはじめ)、福田徳三らのマルクス経済学を批判するのみならず、『マルクス主義』1925年10月号の「『方向転換』はいかなる諸過程をとるか、われわれはいかなる過程を過程しつつあるか」などで当時の無産政党組織問題に介入し、合法無産政党結成の前にまずマルクス主義的政治意識を分離し結晶すべきと説いた。そのためには無産階級内部の非マルクス主義的要素との理論闘争が必要だとして、レーニン『なにをなすべきか』を援用しつつ山川イズムの自然成長論・共同戦線党論を批判し、1926年12月の日本共産党再建大会では指導理論となった。分離結合論、日本資本主義没落論ともいわれる。コミンテルン「27年テーゼ」は山川イズムと福本イズムの双方を批判し、福本理論をセクト主義として退けた。しかしマルクス主義文献の機械的適用による政治分析の手法は、その後の日本共産党でも長く残された。福本自身はその後、技術史やルネッサンスの研究に向かった。

［加藤哲郎］

『小島亮編『福本和夫の思想』（2005・こぶし書房）』▽『『福本和夫著作集』全10巻（2008～刊行中・こぶし書房）』

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