Born: December 29, 1816, Witzenhausen Died: April 23, 1895. Leipzig. German physiologist. Studied at the universities of Erlangen and Marburg, and was professor of anatomy at Marburg (1846-49), before going on to be professor at the universities of Zurich (49), Vienna (55), and Leipzig (65-95). He excelled in the creation of instruments for physiological research, and in 1847 invented a kymograph, a device for recording changes in blood pressure and respiratory movements. In 1856 he succeeded in keeping a frog's heart alive in a solution with a composition similar to that of blood plasma. This was the first case of keeping an animal's organ alive outside the body, and was a pioneer of the perfusion experiment. He also conducted research on blood circulation and heartbeat, and in 1871 formulated the idea that the heart muscle either contracts to its limit or does not contract at all, with no intermediate state possible. He also discovered that the surface layer of the kidney has the function of filtering urine (44). Together with H. Helmholtz, E. Brügger, and E. du Bois-Reymond, he developed the biophysics movement. Ludwig |
[生]1816.12.29. ウィッツェンハウゼン [没]1895.4.23. ライプチヒ ドイツの生理学者。エルランゲン,マールブルク大学に学び,マールブルク大学解剖学教授 (1846~49) を経て,チューリヒ (49) ,ウィーン (55) ,ライプチヒ (65~95) 各大学教授。生理学研究の機器づくりに秀で,1847年にキモグラフ kymographという運動記録器を血圧の変化と呼吸運動の記録用に創案。 56年血漿に近い組成をもった溶液の中でカエルの心臓を生きた状態のまま保つことに成功。これは動物の臓器を体外に取出して生かし続けた最初の例であり,灌流実験法のさきがけとなった。血液循環や心臓の拍動に関しても研究を行い,71年に,心臓の筋肉はその極限まで収縮するか,あるいはまったく収縮しないかのいずれかであって,その中間はありえないことを定式化した。また,腎臓の表層に尿をろ過する機能のあるのを発見 (44) 。 H.ヘルムホルツ,E.ブリューガー,E.デュ・ボア=レイモンとともに生物物理学運動を展開した。 ルートウィヒ
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