The British royal family. The successive monarchs were George V (reigned 1910-36), Edward VIII (reigned 1936, Duke of Windsor), George VI (reigned 1936-52), and Elizabeth II (reigned 1952- ). The heir to the throne is Charles, Prince of Wales. His eldest son, William, Duke of Cambridge, is second in line to the throne. The family was formerly known as the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (German name: Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha, or Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha), named after the German family name of Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria (reigned 1837-1901), the last monarch of the House of Hanover. After Victoria's death, her eldest son, Edward VII (reigned 1901-10), who succeeded to the throne, changed the name from the House of Hanover. However, in response to the rise of anti-German sentiment during World War I, George V issued a royal decree on 17 July 1917, declaring that all male descendants of Queen Victoria who were British citizens would henceforth take the surname Windsor, in honor of the royal palace, Windsor Castle. Elizabeth II's children would normally take the surname Mountbatten (the English version of the German name Battenberg), the surname of her father, Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, but shortly after her accession to the throne in 1952, Elizabeth II declared in Privy Council that her children and descendants would take the surname Windsor. This decision was changed on 8 February 1960, and the surname of all descendants who did not have the status of prince or princess or the title of Royal Highness would be Mountbatten-Windsor. (→ British History) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イギリスの王家。歴代君主はジョージ5世(在位 1910~36),エドワード8世(在位 1936。→ウィンザー公),ジョージ6世(在位 1936~52),エリザベス2世(在位 1952~ )。王位継承者はウェールズ大公チャールズ。その長男のケンブリッジ公ウィリアムが王位継承順第2位。旧称はサックス=コーバーグ=ゴーサ家(ドイツ名ザクセン=コーブルク=ゴータ Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha,または Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha)で,ハノーバー朝の最後の君主となったビクトリア女王(在位 1837~1901)の夫アルバートのドイツの家名にちなむ。ビクトリア崩御に伴い王位を継いだ長男のエドワード7世(在位 1901~10)がハノーバー家から改称したが,第1次世界大戦による反ドイツ感情の高まりをうけて,ジョージ5世が 1917年7月17日付勅令により,ビクトリア女王の男系子孫でかつイギリス国民である者は全員王宮のウィンザー城にちなみ,以後ウィンザー姓を名のると宣言した。なお,エリザベス2世の子の姓は,通常であれば父親であるエディンバラ公フィリップの姓マウントバッテン Mountbatten(ドイツ名バッテンベルク Battenbergの英語表記)になるが,エリザベス2世は 1952年の即位後まもなく,自身の子および子孫をウィンザー姓とする旨を枢密院において宣言した。この決定は 1960年2月8日に改められ,王子・王女の身分および殿下の敬称をもたない子孫の姓はマウントバッテン=ウィンザーとすることになった。(→イギリス史)
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