A transliteration of the Sanskrit word arhat, the nominative form arhan, meaning "one worthy of respect." In Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures, it is translated as "Ougu" or "O." In Buddhism, it refers to a person who has attained ultimate enlightenment and is respected and offered to. Originally, it was a term used to refer to outstanding religious practitioners in ancient India when Buddhism was founded, but Buddhism adopted it and used it as an alternative name for Buddha. However, in later sects of Buddhism (Hinayana Buddhism), it came to refer to the highest rank that a Buddhist disciple (Shovaka) could reach, and was used to distinguish it from Buddha. It is also called "uneducated" because there is nothing more to learn. In Mahayana Buddhism, an arhat refers to a Hinayana saint and is considered to be inferior to a Mahayana seeker (Bodhisattva). Incidentally, "rahan" is an abbreviation, and well-known names include the Sixteen Arhats and the Five Hundred Arhats. [Hirotaka Fujita] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
サンスクリット語のアルハトarhatの主格形アルハンarhanにあたる音写語で、「尊敬を受けるに値する者」の意。漢訳仏典では「応供(おうぐ)」あるいは「応」と訳す。仏教において、究極の悟りを得て、尊敬し供養される人をいう。もとは、仏教が興起したころの古代インドにおける優れた宗教的修行者をさす呼称であったが、仏教はそれを取り入れて仏の異名として用いた。しかし、後世の部派仏教(小乗仏教)では、仏弟子(声聞(しょうもん))の到達しうる最高の位をさし、仏とは区別して使われるようになった。これ以上学修すべきものがないので「無学(むがく)」ともいう。大乗仏教においては、阿羅漢は小乗の聖者をさし、大乗の求道者(菩薩(ぼさつ))には及ばないとされた。なお、「羅漢」は略称で、十六羅漢、五百羅漢などが知られている。 [藤田宏達] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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