naturalist

…Generally, as a literary term, it refers to a literary thought that appeared in France in the second half of the 19th century and spread to other countries, and to the literary movement of the school based on that thought. The original word naturalism was originally a philosophical term that referred to a kind of materialistic or pantheistic stance that attributed everything to nature and did not acknowledge the existence of anything beyond it, but the meanings of several words, such as the expression naturaliste, which means a naturalist, and the art term naturalism, which means an attitude that values ​​faithful reproduction of nature, overlapped and influenced each other, and it acquired a new meaning to refer to a ideology in literature. The theory that literature should utilize the methods and results of science and positivism and objectively depict reality under natural and material conditions, and it was the French writer Zola, who was the true leader of the naturalist movement in both name and reality, who formulated this theory under the name of "naturalism." …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "naturaliste" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…一般には文芸用語として，19世紀後半，フランスにあらわれて各国にひろまった文学思想，およびその思想に立脚した流派の文学運動を指す。ナチュラリスムという原語は，古くは哲学用語として，いっさいをナチュールnature(自然)に帰し，これを超えるものの存在を認めない一種の唯物論的ないし汎神論的な立場を意味していたが，博物学者を意味するナチュラリストnaturalisteという表現や，自然の忠実な模写を重んずる態度をナチュラリスムと呼ぶ美術用語など，いくつかの言葉の意味が重なり合って影響し，文学における一主義を指す新しい意味を獲得するにいたった。文学は科学と実証主義の方法と成果を活用し，自然的･物質的条件下にある現実を客観的に描かなければならないとする理論，これを〈ナチュラリスム〉の名のもとに組みあげていったのは，名実ともに自然主義派の総帥ともいうべきフランスの作家ゾラである。…

※「naturaliste」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報