British soldier, explorer, and religious leader. Born in India as the second son of a major general. Educated in England, he graduated from the Military Academy and was posted to India as a soldier in 1882. During his tenure, he undertook expeditions through Manchuria (northeastern China), Mongolia, Xinjiang Province, and the Himalayas, and subsequently contributed to the expansion of British control of India to its frontiers. In particular, he led an army to invade and subjugate Lhasa in Tibet from 1903 to 1904, and concluded the Treaty of Lhasa, which established British dominance in the region. After returning to England, he held honorary positions such as president of the Royal Geographical Society and chairman of the Everest Committee. In his later years, he was also involved in mystical and philosophical activities and writing. He died in his native Dorset. [Nao Hori] "Beyond the Karakoram" (translated by Ishii Ichiro) (1981, Hakusuisha) [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの軍人、探検家、宗教家。陸軍少将の次男としてインドに生まれる。イギリスで教育を受け、陸軍士官学校を卒業、軍人として1882年インドに赴任した。その在任中に満州(中国東北)、蒙古(もうこ)(モンゴル)、新疆(しんきょう)省、ヒマラヤ山脈経由の探検を敢行し、以降イギリスのインド経営の辺境への拡大に功績があった。とくに、1903~1904年チベットのラサに軍を率いて侵入、征圧しラサ条約を締結したことは、この地におけるイギリスの優位を確立するものであった。イギリスに帰国ののちは、王立地理学会会長やエベレスト委員会議長などの名誉職を歴任した。晩年には神秘的、哲学的な活動、著作にも手を染めた。故国のドーセット県で没す。 [堀 直] 『石一郎訳『カラコルムを越えて』(1981・白水社)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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