Japan-Manchukuo Protocol

An agreement concluded between the two countries on September 15, 1932 (Showa 7) when Japan recognized the "Manchukuo." The preamble confirmed that "Manchukuo" was an independent country, and the main text agreed that (1) "Manchukuo" would confirm and respect all rights and interests that Japan had traditionally held, and (2) necessary Japanese troops would be stationed in "Manchukuo" for the joint defense of both Japan and Manchukuo. In addition, secret correspondence accompanying the agreement confirmed the validity of the rights already in place under previous agreements, such as the consul's letter to the commander in chief in March of the same year, which confirmed that "Manchukuo" would entrust Japan with national defense and maintenance of public order, as well as the construction and management of railways, harbors, waterways, and air routes, and that Japanese officials would be appointed to key positions in the "Manchukuo" government, with the power to appoint and dismiss them entrusted to the commander in chief of the Kwantung Army. The direct motive for signing the treaty was to create a fait accompli before the publication of the report of the Lytton Commission, dispatched by the League of Nations, on October 2. In response, the Chinese Nationalist government protested that it had made Manchuria a protectorate, and European countries criticized it as a disregard for the League of Nations.

[Kimishima Kazuhiko]

“Reprint edition of “Japanese Diplomatic Chronology and Major Documents Part 2” edited by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1966, Hara Shobo)”

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

1932年（昭和7）9月15日、日本の「満州国」承認に際して両国間に締結された協定。前文で「満州国」が独立国であることを確認し、本文では〔1〕「満州国」は日本が従来から有するいっさいの権利利益を確認尊重すること、〔2〕日満両国の共同防衛のため所要の日本軍が「満州国」内に駐屯すること、を協定した。また協定に付属する秘密の往復文書によって、「満州国」が、国防・治安維持や、鉄道・港湾・水路・航空路などの敷設・管理を日本に委託すること、また「満州国」政府要職に日本人官僚を任用し、その任免権を関東軍司令官にゆだねることなど、同年3月の司令官宛(あて)執政書簡その他先行協定による従来の権利の有効性が確認された。調印の直接的動機は、国際連盟派遣のリットン調査団による報告書公表（10月2日）前に既成事実をつくりあげることにあった。これに対し中国国民政府は満州の保護国化であると抗議し、ヨーロッパ諸国は国際連盟の無視であると批判した。

［君島和彦］

『外務省編『日本外交年表並主要文書　下』復刻版（1966・原書房）』

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