Wear - Mamou

The damage or wearing away of a material surface due to friction between a material and another substance. More precisely, however, it can be divided into three categories: wear caused by sliding between solids; abrasion caused by abrasive particles such as sandpaper or stone, metal oxide powder, other abrasive powder, sand, etc.; and erosion caused by the action of liquids. While erosion is easy to distinguish, the first two are often used interchangeably. In most cases, wear is measured using a testing machine that uses abrasive particles such as sandpaper, and because the results match the actual phenomenon well, wear is often referred to as abrasion. Wear of rubber tyres is largely determined by the rise in temperature caused by heat from friction, and wear of plastics is greatly affected by that temperature. In abrasion tests, the relationship between contact area A and load W in a certain load range is given by

A ^∝ Wn
This is related to the friction coefficient μ as follows:

μ ∝ Wn ^{－ 1}
It is known that for rubber and plastics, n = 2/3, and that the contact between them is elastic. In the wear of fibers, values ​​of n = 0.72 and 0.9 have been obtained. The frictional behavior of polymer materials, including rubber, plastics, and synthetic fibers, differs from that of metals in the following three ways. First, the friction coefficient μ of polymer materials depends on the load, and μ decreases as the load increases. Second, the friction of polymer materials is affected by surface roughness, and the frictional force decreases as the roughness increases. Third, it depends on the apparent contact area.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

材料とほかの物質との摩擦によって，材料表面が損傷したり，すり減ること．しかし，正確には，固体間のすべりによって生じる場合の摩耗(wear)，紙やすりやと石などの研磨粒子や酸化金属粉末，そのほか摩耗粉末，砂などによる摩砕(abrasion)，および液体の作用による浸食(erosion)の三つに分類される．浸食は区別しやすいが，前二者はほとんど同じ語として用いられている．摩耗性の評価を紙やすりなど研磨粒子を用いた試験機で測定するのが大部分であり，また，その結果が実際の現象とよく合うために，摩耗をアブレージョンということが多い．ゴムタイヤの摩耗は大部分が摩擦熱による温度上昇によって支配され，プラスチックの摩耗はその温度によって大きく影響される．摩耗試験において，ある荷重の領域では，接触面積Aと荷重Wの関係は，

A ∝ Wⁿ
となり，これは摩擦係数μと関連し，

μ ∝ W^n－1
となる．ゴム，プラスチックではn ＝ 2/3となること，およびそれらの接触は弾性的であることが知られている．繊維の摩耗においては，n ＝ 0.72および0.9という値が得られている．ゴム，プラスチック，合成繊維を含めた高分子材料の摩擦的挙動は，金属に比べて次の3点で異なる．第一は，高分子材料の摩擦係数μは荷重に依存し，荷重の増加でμが減少する．第二は，高分子材料の摩擦は表面粗さに影響され，粗さの増加によって摩擦力が減少する．第三は，見掛けの接触面積に依存する．

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