Public foundation - Oyake no zaidan hojin

... Facilities are divided into public facilities (e.g. schools, hospitals) that are directly used by the public, and public facilities (e.g. research institutes) that are directly used by administrative bodies, but the former are particularly problematic. Facilities that have been given independent legal personality are called independent facilities, facility corporations, or public foundations (e.g. Japan National Railways and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation before privatization), while those that do not are called non-independent facilities. The establishment of facilities does not necessarily require legal basis and can be done within the budget (Article 8 of the National Government Organization Act), but matters concerning the establishment and management of "public facilities" by local governments must be determined by ordinance (Article 244-2-1 of the Local Autonomy Act). ...

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "public incorporated foundations" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　営造物は，直接国民の利用に供せられる公共用営造物(例，学校，病院)と，直接には行政主体の用に供せられる公用営造物(例，研究所)とに分けられるが，とくに問題となるのは前者である。また，営造物のうち，独立の法人格を与えられたものを，独立営造物，営造物法人または公の財団法人(例，民営化前の日本国有鉄道，日本電信電話公社)といい，そうでないものを非独立営造物という。　営造物の設置には，法律の根拠は必ずしも必要ではなく，予算の範囲内でできるが(国家行政組織法8条)，地方公共団体の〈公の施設〉の設置･管理に関する事項は条例で定めなければならない(地方自治法244条の2‐1項)。…

※「公の財団法人」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報