LEF

Japanese: LEF
LEF

...However, dissatisfied with this idealistic romanticism, writers and poets such as DA Furmanov, FV Gladkov, and Aleksandr I. Bezymenskii (1898-1973) gathered together in 1922 to form the proletarian literary group Oktyabl', which developed into the VAPP (All-Russian Union of Proletarian Writers), and became closely involved in the literary policy of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Russian proletarian literature gradually achieved some success in terms of actual works, such as Yu.N. Liberdinsky's One Week (1922), Furmanov's Chapayev (1923), AS Serafimovich's The Iron Stream (1924), AA Fadeev's Destruction (1927), and Bezymensky's poetry, but as a whole it lagged behind the creative level of the avant-garde literary movement centered on "companion literature" and LEF (Levyi front iskusstva, officially known as the Left Artistic Front). In 1924-25, the party's literary policy became the subject of a major controversy, involving LD Trotsky, AK Voronsky, and others, and in 1925 the party's Central Committee resolution set out the principle of "free competition" in the creative field.

From [Proletarian Literature]

...However, dissatisfied with this idealistic romanticism, writers and poets such as DA Furmanov, FV Gladkov, and Aleksandr I. Bezymenskii (1898-1973) gathered together in 1922 to form the proletarian literary group Oktyabl', which developed into the VAPP (All-Russian Union of Proletarian Writers), and became closely involved in the literary policy of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Russian proletarian literature gradually achieved some success in terms of actual works, such as Yu.N. Liberdinsky's One Week (1922), Furmanov's Chapayev (1923), AS Serafimovich's The Iron Stream (1924), AA Fadeev's Destruction (1927), and Bezymensky's poetry, but as a whole it lagged behind the creative level of the avant-garde literary movement centered on "companion literature" and LEF (Levyi front iskusstva, officially known as the Left Artistic Front). In 1924-25, the party's literary policy became the subject of a major controversy, involving LD Trotsky, AK Voronsky, and others, and in 1925 the party's Central Committee resolution set out the principle of "free competition" in the creative field.

From [Russian Literature]

…(2) During the New Economic Policy (NEP) period (1921-28), political restrictions on the arts were relaxed, and various literary groups coexisted while competing with each other. On the left were the Proletarian organizations, such as the Forge Party and the October Group, and the Futurist Left Artistic Front (LEF), while on the other extreme were the Formalist group of scholars and critics, and a diverse group of writers, such as the Serapion Brothers group, named by Trotsky as the Companions, who advocated the autonomy of literature (Companion literature). The themes of the civil war, the construction of socialism, the formation of a socialist image of man, and the conflict between the old and new generations, which are consistent themes in Soviet literature, were taken up early on. …

From Rodchenko

…In 1915, he moved to Moscow and created paintings of lines and spatial compositions of lines using a ruler and compass. After the revolution, he advocated productivism together with V.F. Stepanova, and designed furniture and interiors, while also collaborating with the poet Mayakovsky's magazine LEF (Left Front of Art). He produced constructivist works in the fields of graphic design, photography, and photo collages, including illustrations for poetry collections, magazine covers, and posters. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "LEF" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…しかし,その観念的ロマン主義にあきたりないD.A.フールマノフ,F.V.グラトコフ,ベズイメンスキーAleksandr I.Bezymenskii(1898‐1973)らの作家,詩人が,22年にプロレタリア文学グループ〈十月Oktyabl’〉に結集し,それがVAPP(ワツプ)(全ロシア・プロレタリア作家協会)に発展するあたりから,ソ連共産党の文芸政策と密接なかかわりをもつようになる。ロシア・プロレタリア文学は,Yu.N.リベジンスキーの《一週間》(1922),フールマノフの《チャパーエフ》(1923),A.S.セラフィモービチの《鉄の流れ》(1924),A.A.ファジェーエフの《壊滅》(1927),ベズイメンスキーの詩作など,しだいに実作面での成果をあげていくが,全体としては〈同伴者文学〉や,LEF(レフ)(正称は芸術左翼戦線Levyi front iskusstva)を中心にしたアバンギャルド文芸運動の創作水準に立ちおくれていた。24‐25年には,L.D.トロツキー,A.K.ボロンスキーらをまきこんで,党の文芸政策が大きな論争の的になり,25年の党中央委員会決議では,創作分野での〈自由競争〉の原則が打ち出された。…

【プロレタリア文学】より

…しかし,その観念的ロマン主義にあきたりないD.A.フールマノフ,F.V.グラトコフ,ベズイメンスキーAleksandr I.Bezymenskii(1898‐1973)らの作家,詩人が,22年にプロレタリア文学グループ〈十月Oktyabl’〉に結集し,それがVAPP(ワツプ)(全ロシア・プロレタリア作家協会)に発展するあたりから,ソ連共産党の文芸政策と密接なかかわりをもつようになる。ロシア・プロレタリア文学は,Yu.N.リベジンスキーの《一週間》(1922),フールマノフの《チャパーエフ》(1923),A.S.セラフィモービチの《鉄の流れ》(1924),A.A.ファジェーエフの《壊滅》(1927),ベズイメンスキーの詩作など,しだいに実作面での成果をあげていくが,全体としては〈同伴者文学〉や,LEF(レフ)(正称は芸術左翼戦線Levyi front iskusstva)を中心にしたアバンギャルド文芸運動の創作水準に立ちおくれていた。24‐25年には,L.D.トロツキー,A.K.ボロンスキーらをまきこんで,党の文芸政策が大きな論争の的になり,25年の党中央委員会決議では,創作分野での〈自由競争〉の原則が打ち出された。…

【ロシア文学】より

…(2)新経済政策(ネップ)の時代(1921‐28) 政治の側からの芸術への規制はゆるやかになり,さまざまな文学集団がしのぎをけずりあいつつ共存した。左翼にはプロレトクリト系の組織,すなわち鍛冶場派,〈十月〉グループなどや未来派系の〈芸術左翼戦線(LEF(レフ))〉,他方の極には学者,批評家のフォルマリスト・グループがあり,トロツキーによって〈同伴者〉と命名された,文学の自律性を主張する〈セラピオン兄弟〉グループなどの多彩な顔ぶれの作家群がいた(同伴者文学)。ソビエト文学の一貫した主題である国内戦,社会主義建設,社会主義的人間像の形成と新旧世代の相克というテーマはいち早くとりあげられた。…

【ロドチェンコ】より

…1915年モスクワに出て定規とコンパスで線の絵画,線の空間構成を制作。革命後はV.F.ステパノワとともに生産主義を唱え,家具や室内のデザインをする一方,詩人マヤコーフスキー主宰の雑誌《LEF(レフ)(芸術左翼戦線)》に協力。詩集の挿絵,雑誌の表紙,ポスターなどのグラフィック・デザイン,写真,写真のコラージュなどの分野で構成主義的な作品を制作した。…

※「LEF」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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