Trade finance - bouekikinyuu (English spelling) trade finance

Japanese: 貿易金融 - ぼうえききんゆう(英語表記)trade finance
Trade finance - bouekikinyuu (English spelling) trade finance

It refers to the provision of funds or credit necessary to conduct trade such as exports and imports. Trade finance can be defined in a narrow and broad sense, the former being typified by the purchase of export bills by exchange banks (export finance) and usance finance (import finance). The latter refers to all finance associated with trade finance in the narrow sense. Before World War II, trade finance was almost exclusively limited to the narrow sense, but after the war its meaning has expanded to mean all finance related to trade.

There are various forms of trade finance, depending on the stage from the procurement of the goods to their sale, and on the terms of the trade sales contract. [1] Shipper's usance: Exporters directly provide credit to importers, and is equivalent to domestic credit sales and credit purchases. [2] Export advance: Exporters receive an advance from a bank using a bill issued to the importer as collateral for the period from the production and collection of export goods to the time of payment by the importer after shipping. [3] Buying exchange: This is the most common method of trade finance today. Exporters issue an export bill at the same time as exporting goods, and if the bill is purchased by an exchange bank, the exporter can receive the payment minus interest for the period from the time the importer pays the payment to the exchange bank (equivalent to bill discounting). [4] Import finance by an importer's bank: It is common for a bank to lend funds to settle the import bill. In addition to these, there is also a form of finance in which the importer pays a portion of the import price in advance to the exporter.

[Tsuchiya Rokuro]

[Reference Item] | Usance | Export Bill

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

輸出および輸入などの貿易を行うのに必要な資金の融通、あるいは信用供与をいう。貿易金融には狭義と広義とがあり、前者では為替(かわせ)銀行による輸出手形の買取り(輸出金融)とユーザンス金融(輸入金融)とが代表的である。後者は狭義の貿易金融に付随したすべての金融をさしている。第二次世界大戦前には、貿易金融といえば狭義のそれにほぼ限られていたが、戦後は貿易に関連するすべての金融を意味するほどその内容が拡大されている。

 貿易金融には、取引される商品の仕入れから販売に至る段階に応じ、また貿易の売買契約条件により種々の形態がある。〔1〕シッパーズ・ユーザンス 輸出商が直接に輸入商に信用を与えるもので、国内の掛売り・掛買いに相当する。〔2〕輸出前貸し 輸出商品の生産・集荷から船積み後、輸入商により代金が決済されるまでの間、輸入商あてに振り出された手形を担保として輸出商が銀行から前貸しを受けることをいう。〔3〕買(かい)為替 現在ではもっとも一般的な貿易金融の方法である。輸出商は商品輸出と同時に輸出手形を振り出し、それを為替銀行に買い取ってもらえば、輸入商が代金を決済するまでの期間の金利を控除した代金を為替銀行から入手できる(手形割引に相当)。〔4〕輸入商の銀行による輸入金融 輸入手形の決済のために銀行が資金を融通するのが普通である。これらのほかに、輸入商が輸出商に対し輸入代金の一部を前払いする形の金融もある。

[土屋六郎]

[参照項目] | ユーザンス | 輸出入手形

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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