Living organisms have enzymes that synthesize nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) as well as enzymes that break them down. Nuclease is a general term for many types of enzymes, which are classified into those that break down high molecular weight nucleic acids (polynucleotidases) and enzymes that break down the building blocks of nucleic acids, nucleotides and nucleosides, but here we will mainly discuss the former. There are far more types of nucleases than synthetic enzymes, and they play an extremely diverse range of roles necessary for maintaining life. Nucleases can be broadly divided into deoxyribonucleases (DNases) and ribonucleases (RNases) depending on the type of substrate (DNA or RNA). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
生物は核酸(DNAやRNA)を合成する酵素と同時にそれを分解する酵素ももっている。核酸分解酵素は多種類の酵素の総称であり,これは高分子量の核酸を分解するもの(ポリヌクレオチダーゼ)と核酸の構成単位であるヌクレオチドやヌクレオシドを分解する酵素に分類されるが,ここでは主に前者について述べる。核酸分解酵素の種類は合成酵素よりもはるかに多く,生命維持のために必要な,きわめて多様な役割を果たしている。 核酸分解酵素は,まず基質の種類(DNAかRNAか)によって大きくデオキシリボヌクレアーゼ(DNase)とリボヌクレアーゼ(RNase)に分けられる。
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