Philip Showalter Hench

Japanese: ヘンチ - へんち(英語表記)Philip Showalter Hench
Philip Showalter Hench

An American medical scientist known for his research on rheumatism. He received his doctorate from the University of Pittsburgh in 1920, and became an assistant professor at the Mayo Clinic in 1923, an associate professor in 1935, and a professor of internal medicine in 1947, specializing in rheumatism. Based on the fact that rheumatism temporarily improves during pregnancy and jaundice, he believed that there was an unknown factor in the human body that prevented rheumatism, which was caused by the retention of sex hormones and bile acids, and that adrenal steroids would be effective. In 1948, with the cooperation of Kendall, a professor of physiological chemistry at the Mayo Foundation, he tried injecting cortisone into a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis for the first time, and saw a dramatic reduction in pain, so he injected it into several more rheumatoid patients to confirm the effectiveness of cortisone. Following Hench's announcement, cortisone became widely used to treat rheumatism.

In 1950, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Kendall and Reichstein (a Swiss biochemist) for their work on the structure, biological action, and effects of the adrenal cortical hormones. He was one of the founders of the American College of Rheumatology and received honorary degrees from the University of Minnesota and other universities.

[Akira Furukawa]

[References] | Kendall | Cortisone | Reichstein

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの医学者。リウマチの研究で知られる。1920年ピッツバーグ大学で学位をとり、1923年メイヨー・クリニックの助手、1935年準教授、1947年内科学教授となり、リウマチを専攻した。妊娠や黄疸(おうだん)などのときにリウマチが一時的に軽快する事実から、彼は、人体にリウマチを防ぐ未知の因子があり、それは性ホルモン、胆汁酸の貯留が原因で、副腎(ふくじん)ステロイドが奏効するだろうと考えた。メイヨー財団の生理化学教授ケンドルの協力により、1948年に、初めて重症関節リウマチ患者にコルチゾンの注射を試み、疼痛(とうつう)の激減をみたので、さらに数例のリウマチ患者に注射して、コルチゾンの効果を確かめた。ヘンチの発表で、リウマチの治療にはコルチゾンが広く用いられるようになった。

 1950年、副腎皮質ホルモンの構造、生物作用と効果の業績により、ケンドル、ライヒシュタイン(スイスの生化学者)とともにノーベル医学生理学賞を受けた。彼はアメリカ・リウマチ学会設立者の一人で、ミネソタ大学、その他の大学から名誉学位を受けた。

[古川 明]

[参照項目] | ケンドル | コルチゾン | ライヒシュタイン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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