German composer. He showed precocious talent from an early age, and entered the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt at the age of 14. He worked as concertmaster at the Frankfurt Opera House and as viola player in the Amar Hindemith String Quartet, which he formed himself, while also gaining fame as a composer, and in 1927 he became professor of composition at the Berlin Higher Music School. He broke with the aesthetics of late romanticism, and was the vanguard of the anti-R. Wagner movement among German composers. His style of composition was called Neue Sachlicht, and also influenced the performing world. In the 1930s, he became a target of the Nazi cultural policy, and the premiere of his opera Matisse der Maler (1934-1935), which was based on the theme of Grünewald and dealt with the relationship between artists and society, was banned by the Nazi government (premiered in Zurich in 1938). He later fled to the United States via Switzerland, and lived in Switzerland from 1953 onwards. His compositions span a wide range of genres, and his representative works include the Kammermusik (chamber music) series (1921-1927), the song cycle Die Von Maria (1923) by Rilke, the oratorio The Infinite (1931), the symphony Matisse the Painter (1934, premiered the same year under the baton of Furtwängler), the ballet music Noble Fantasies (1938, revised in 1939) commissioned by Maschin, and the orchestral work Symphonic Metamorphoses on Themes by Weber (1943). In 1956, he came to Japan as the conductor of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. → Walton → Related articles Koussevitzky | Klemperer | Brain Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
ドイツの作曲家。少年時代から早熟な才能を発揮し,14歳でフランクフルトのホーホ音楽院に入学。同地の歌劇場のコンサートマスター,自ら結成したアマール・ヒンデミット弦楽四重奏団のビオラ奏者として活動する一方,作曲家として名声を高め,1927年ベルリン高等音楽学校の作曲科教授となる。後期ロマン派(ロマン主義)の美学と袂(たもと)を分かち,ドイツの作曲家として反R.ワーグナーの先陣を切ったその作風は,〈新即物主義〉の名で呼ばれ演奏界にも影響を与えた。1930年代に入るとナチスの文化政策の標的となり,グリューネワルトを主題に芸術家と社会の関係を扱ったオペラ《画家マティス》(1934年−1935年)の初演がナチス政府に禁じられ(1938年チューリヒで初演),のちスイスを経て米国に亡命,1953年以降はスイスに住んだ。作品は多ジャンルにわたり,代表作に,《カンマームジーク(室内音楽)》のシリーズ(1921年−1927年),リルケによる歌曲集《マリアの生涯》(1923年),オラトリオ《無限なるもの》(1931年),同名オペラによる交響曲《画家マティス》(1934年。同年フルトウェングラーの指揮で初演),マシンの委嘱によるバレエ音楽《気高き幻想》(1938年,改訂1939年),管弦楽曲《ウェーバーの主題による交響的変容》(1943年)など。1956年,ウィーン・フィルハーモニー管弦楽団の指揮者として来日。→ウォルトン →関連項目クーセビツキー|クレンペラー|ブレーン 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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