Tadano Makuzu - Just Makuzu

Japanese: 只野真葛 - ただの・まくず

Year of death: 26th June 1825 (10th August 1825)
Year of birth: 1763 (13th year of the Horeki era)
Daughter of Kudo Heisuke, a doctor of the Sendai domain in the mid-Edo period and author of "Aka Ezo Fusetsuko". Her name was Ayako. She was born in Edo. In 1772, at the age of 10, she was caught in a great fire, and she sympathized with the suffering poor people, and had a long-lasting ambition to help the people and govern the country. She studied the classics under Kata Souko, and her talent for Japanese literature was recognized by Murata Shunkai, and she also liked calligraphy in the Takimoto school. After working in the inner palace of the Sendai domain, she returned home and took care of the household after her mother's death. At the age of 36, she became the second wife of Tadano Iga Yukiyoshi, a Sendai domain samurai with a stipend of 1,200 koku, and moved to Sendai, hoping to revive the Kudo family, which had fallen into disrepair. While her husband was away working in Edo, she was lost in thought, and at the age of 55, she compiled her thoughts into three volumes and sent them to Takizawa Bakin in Edo, entitled "Dokuko", requesting his critique and publication. Bakin opposed the publication of the work, claiming that it contained some parts that touched on taboos, and wrote "Dokukoron" himself to counter Shinkatsu's arguments. Furthermore, Shinkatsu's deeds are somewhat clear because Bakin recorded them in "Toen Shosetsu." Shinkatsu did not study systematically, but built his own unique philosophy on Japanese classics, Confucianism, and Dutch studies. Although "Dokuko" is biased, it is a book of social criticism written by an Edo period woman, and can be evaluated as a book calling for women's liberation. <Works> "Isozutahi", "Mukashibanashi" <References> "Tadano Shinkatsu" by Nakayama Eiko, "Women in the Late Edo Period" by Seki Tamiko

(Keiko Shiba)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：文政8.6.26(1825.8.10)
生年：宝暦13(1763)
江戸中期,仙台藩医で『赤蝦夷風説考』の著者工藤平助の娘。名は綾子。江戸生まれ。明和9(1772)年10歳で大火に遭い,苦しむ貧民に心を寄せ,のちのちまで続く経世済民の志を抱く。荷田蒼生子に古典を学び,村田春海に和文の才を認められ,また滝本流の書もよくした。仙台藩に奥勤めののち,家へ帰り母なきあとの家政をみる。36歳で,落ちぶれた工藤家復興を期して仙台藩士,1200石の只野伊賀行義の後妻となり仙台へ下る。江戸勤めの多い夫の留守を守りながら思索にふけり,55歳のとき,胸の想いを全3巻にまとめ『独考』と題して江戸の滝沢馬琴に送り,批評と出版を依頼する。馬琴は禁忌にふれる部分もあると出版に反対し,自ら『独考論』を著し真葛の論に反撃した。また,真葛の事跡がある程度明らかとなっているのは,馬琴が『兎園小説』に書き留めたゆえである。真葛は体系的な学問をしたわけではないが,国学,儒学,蘭学などのうえに独自の思想を築いていった。『独考』は偏りもあるが,江戸期の女性の手になる社会批判書であり,女性解放を叫ぶ書として評価できよう。<著作>『磯づたひ』『むかしばなし』<参考文献>中山栄子『只野真葛』,関民子『江戸後期の女性たち』

(柴桂子)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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