Superintendent - Superintendent

...In the case of Jiangnan, where rice cultivation developed rapidly, landlords at that time surrounded low-lying marshes with levees to create paddy fields called uden or iden. The landlords who owned these fields built their houses, warehouses, and tenement houses on the levees, as well as boats to transport goods along the creek between the levees. This area was called a zhuang. Landlords who accumulated a large amount of land beyond this range and lived far from the actual site appointed managers called kanso and kanjin to each zhuang, who were responsible for collecting rent and paying taxes to the state. There were large landowners who owned a total of 18 zhuangs in today's three provinces: Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui.

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "kanso" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…ところで当時の地主所有地は，稲作が飛躍的に発展した江南の場合について見ると，低湿地を堤防で囲いこんで圩田（うでん）あるいは囲田（いでん）といわれる水田を造成し，それを所有する地主，この堤防に自己の家屋，倉庫，佃戸の住居，堤防の間のクリークに沿って物資を運搬する船を備置しており，この一角は荘と呼ばれていた。この範囲をこえておびただしい土地を集積し，現地から離れて住む地主は，それぞれの荘に監荘（かんそう），幹人（かんじん）と呼ばれる管理人を配置し，小作料の徴収と国家への租税納入にあたらせた。今日の江蘇，浙江，安徽3省に合計18の荘をもつ大土地所有者もあった。…

※「監荘」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報