Genkomon

A Chinese Jin literati. His pen name was Yushi and his pen name was Izan. He was from Xinzhou (Shanxi Province). He aspired to study from an early age, and when he grew up he studied under the reclusive scholar He Tianting. At the age of 32 he passed the imperial examination, and served as a national historian and local official. In 1232, during the siege of the national capital Bianjing (Kaifeng) by the Mongol army, he was in the center as the Left Sidu (document official). In 1234, he experienced the demise of his country and was taken prisoner, but the extremely poignant and heartfelt songs that were born from these experiences are famous as "Sōranshi". After the fall of the Jin dynasty, he devoted himself to writing as a surviving citizen. He traveled around Japan to write the Jin History, and compiled the "Zhongshushu" (Collection of Poems) a collection of poems from the Jin dynasty. Both were intended to preserve the deeds and culture of the Jin dynasty, which was dying out under Mongol rule. The "Jin History," written at the end of the Yuan dynasty, was largely based on his drafts. His poetry and prose remain in the 40 volumes of the "Isan Sensei Collection."

[Eiichi Oguri]

"Chinese Poets' Anthology, Volume 2, No. 9, Yuan Hao Wen, with notes by Eiichi Oguri (1963, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Chinese Poets' Anthology, Volume 20, Yuan Hao Wen, by Shuji Suzuki (1965, Shueisha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、金の文人。字(あざな)は裕之(ゆうし)、号は遺山(いざん)。忻州(きんしゅう)（山西省）の人。幼時より学に志し、長じて隠逸の学者赫天挺(かくてんてい)に師事。32歳のとき科挙合格、国史編修官、地方官を歴任。1232年、蒙古(もうこ)軍の国都汴京(べんけい)（開封）攻囲の際には左司都事（文書官）として中央にあった。やがて34年亡国、そして虜囚と体験を重ねるが、そのなかから生まれた凄切(せいせつ)きわまりない慷慨(こうがい)の歌謡は「喪乱詩」として名高い。金朝覆滅後は遺民として著作に専念する。金史の撰述(せんじゅつ)を企てて各地を歴遊、また金一代の詩の総集『中州集』を編んだ。いずれも蒙古支配下で滅びゆく金朝の事跡、文化の保持を意図したものである。元末に成る『金史』は彼の草稿によるところが多い。詩文は『遺山先生文集』40巻に残る。

［小栗英一］

『小栗英一注『中国詩人選集2集9　元好問』（1963・岩波書店）』▽『鈴木修次著『漢詩大系20　元好問』（1965・集英社）』

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