Puszta - Hungarian

Japanese: プスタ - ぷすた(英語表記)puszta ハンガリー語
Puszta - Hungarian

The term refers to the temperate long-stem grassland that once spread across the eastern part of the Hungarian Plain (Orfeld). It also serves as the name of the region. The Hungarian Plain is covered with thick loess (yellow soil) that was deposited during the ice age, which, combined with the low annual precipitation of about 600 mm, created grasslands there. It also produced fertile soil with a thick layer of humus. However, the amount of precipitation fluctuated greatly from year to year, and the area was often hit by droughts, so development was delayed and many parts of the area were left as grasslands for a long time. The name given to such grasslands, originally meaning wasteland in Hungarian, was given to such grasslands. However, after the region escaped Turkish rule in the second half of the 19th century, it was rapidly cultivated, and today most of the land is arable. Wheat, corn, root vegetables, tobacco, sunflowers, and other crops are grown here, and many cattle and horses are raised, making it the grain-producing region of Eastern Europe.

[Takehide Koizumi]

[Reference] | Ocher | Orfeld

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ハンガリー平原(オルフェルド)の東部にかつて広がっていた温帯性の長茎草原のこと。地域名称も兼ねる。ハンガリー平原には氷河時代に堆積(たいせき)した厚いレス(黄土)が分布しており、それは年間600ミリメートル程度の少ない降水量と相まって、そこに草原をつくりだした。また腐植層の厚い肥沃(ひよく)な土壌を生じさせた。しかし降水量に年ごとの増減が大きく、しばしば干魃(かんばつ)にみまわれたため、開発は遅れ、多くの部分が草原のまま長く放置されてきた。プスタというのはこうした草原につけられた名称で、もともとはハンガリー語で荒れ地を意味していた。しかし19世紀後半、この地方がトルコの支配を脱してから急速に耕地化が進み、現在ではほとんどが耕地である。小麦、トウモロコシ、根菜類、タバコ、ヒマワリなどが栽培されるほか、ウシやウマも多数飼育され、東ヨーロッパの穀倉地帯となっている。

[小泉武栄]

[参照項目] | 黄土 | オルフェルド

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