…The ruled are still the “comrades” of the ruler, not “subjects.” What is crucial in this regard is that there is no “administrative officer” (Verwaltungsstab) for the rule. However, as the elders’ ruling group grows larger and more complex, and as the members of the household are given land parcels, establish independent households, and pay corvée and tribute to their masters, it becomes necessary to have administrative officers to maintain the rule. … *Some of the terminology used to refer to "management executives" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…被支配者はまだ支配者の〈仲間〉であり,〈臣民〉にはなっていない。これに関し決定的に重要なことは,そこに支配のための〈管理幹部Verwaltungsstab(役人)〉が存在していないということである。 ところが,長老の支配する団体が大きくなり,その組織が複雑になるとともに,また家構成員が分与地を与えられて独立の世帯を構え,主人に対して賦役や貢租を負担するようになるとともに,支配を維持するための管理幹部を置くことが必要になる。… ※「管理幹部」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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