Travel insurance - Binpo no ho

Japanese: 便補保 - びんぽのほ

From ancient times to the Middle Ages, ho was established to cover the various expenses of central government offices and the revenues from fuko (enclosures) with the official property and miscellaneous public affairs of the respective areas. Under the ritsuryo system, the various expenses of central government offices were paid from the tributes paid to the Ministry of Finance from each province, and the fuko were also paid by the province to the feudal lord. However, in the mid-11th century, provincial offices, which were struggling to pay these revenues and fuko, began to give the feudal lords the right to collect official property from specific regions when making their payments. A good example of this is the land of Kuroda and Tamataki Soma in Iga Province, which was designated as a convenient land for the fuko (enclosures) of Todaiji Temple.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

古代から中世にかけ，中央官衙の諸経費にあてる納物や，封戸（ふこ）からあがる封物を当該地の官物や雑公事でまかなうために立てられた保。令制では中央官衙の諸経費は大蔵省に納められた諸国の調庸物から支給され，封戸もまたその所在国から封主のもとに納められていた。しかし11世紀中葉になると，これら納物･封物の弁済に苦しんだ国衙はその納入に際して，特定地域の官物の徴収権を封主に与えるようになる。伊賀国の黒田･玉滝両杣（そま）の出作田が東大寺封物の便補地とされたのはその好例である。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

<<: Pinhole camera

>>: Poverty Story - Poor Story