Pinhole camera

Japanese: ピンホールカメラ（英語表記）pinhole camera

Pinhole camera. A lensless camera with a small hole (pinhole) of about 0.4 mm in diameter drilled in the center of the front of the dark box and a photosensitive material attached to the inside of the opposite side. Like an ordinary camera, light reflected from natural objects enters the dark box through the hole and projects an inverted image on the right-angled barrier. Although thin metal plates with small holes have been commercially available, there are no pinhole cameras for photography, apart from toys. As an optical system, it is very dim. However, it does not have the various drawbacks of lenses such as aberrations, has a long focal length, and can take unusual photos that cannot be obtained with high-end cameras. In 16th-century Italy, before the invention of photography, it was used for viewing images for enjoyment, and for making pictures as well as for observation. (→Camera obscura)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

針穴写真機。暗箱の前面中央に，直径 0.4mmほどの小孔 (ピンホール) をあけ，反対面の内側に感光材料を取付けた，レンズなしのカメラ。普通のカメラと同様で，自然物体からの反射光は，小孔を通って暗箱内に入り，直角の障壁面上に倒立映像を結ぶ。小孔をあけた金属薄板が市販されたことはあったが，おもちゃは別として，写真撮影用のピンホールカメラの商品はない。光学系としては大変に暗い。しかし，レンズのもついろいろの収差などの欠点がなく，焦点距離が深く，高級カメラでは得られない変った写真が撮れる。写真発明以前の 16世紀のイタリアなどでは，映像を見て楽しみ，観測のほか絵を描くためにも使った。 (→カメラ・オブスキュラ )

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