A unit of energy of a wave or the level of the amplitude. It is 1/10 of a bel. The symbol dB. It is defined as 10 log 10 ( P 1 / P 2 ) for two power quantities P 1 and P 2. In some cases, it is defined as follows. (1) Unit of sound intensity level The standard value of sound intensity I 0 is taken as the minimum audible sound intensity of 10 -12 W/m 2 , and the level of sound intensity I is expressed as 10 log 10 ( I / I 0 ). (2) Unit of sound pressure level The standard value of sound pressure P 0 is taken as the minimum audible sound pressure of 20 micropascals (μPa). The level of sound pressure P pascal is 20 log 10 ( P / P 0 ). It is defined in this way because sound intensity is proportional to the square of the sound pressure. (3) Unit of noise level The decibel A (dBA) is used. Since the sensitivity of human hearing changes with frequency, correction is necessary, and it is called this because a curve called A-weighting is used. In the past, the term "phon" was used, but it is rarely used now. (4) Unit of power or voltage attenuation level in a transmission circuit. When the input power is P1 and the output power is P2 , the power attenuation level of the transmission circuit is given by 10 log 10 ( P1 / P2 ). When the input voltage is V1 and the output voltage is V2 , the voltage attenuation level of the circuit is given by 20 log 10 ( V1 / V2 ) . (5) Unit of amplification in an amplifier or attenuator circuit. When expressed in decibels, it is also called gain. When the input power is P1 and the output power is P2 , the power amplification level of the circuit is given by 10 log 10 ( P2 / P1 ) . When the input voltage is V1 and the output voltage is V2 , the voltage amplification level of the circuit is given by 20 log 10 ( V2 / V1 ) . The same is true for current. In the case of a transmission circuit , the ratio P2 / P1 or V2 / V1 is taken as the reciprocal so that the decibel value of the circuit is positive when there is amplification and negative when there is attenuation. Note that when the resistances of the input and output circuits are R1 and R2 , if R1 = R2 , the level of power amplification is equal to the level of voltage amplification, but if R1 ≠ R2 , they are different, so a distinction must be made between power amplification and voltage amplification. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
波動のエネルギー,または振幅の大きさのレベルを表わす単位。ベルの 1/10 。記号は dB 。2つのパワー量 P1 ,P2 に対して 10 log 10(P1/P2) で定義される。場合により以下のように定義されている。 (1) 音の強さのレベルの単位 音の強さの基準値 I0 を最小可聴音の強さ 10-12W/m2 にとって,音の強さ I のレベルを 10 log 10(I/I0) で表わす。 (2) 音圧レベルの単位 音圧の基準値 P0 を最小可聴音の音圧 20マイクロパスカル (μPa) にとる。音圧 P パスカルのレベルは 20 log 10(P/P0) 。音の強さは音圧の2乗に比例することからこのように定義される。 (3) 騒音レベルの単位 デシベルA (dBA) が用いられる。人間の聴覚の感度が周波数によって変るので補正が必要であり,A特性と呼ばれる曲線を利用するのでこのように呼ぶ。かつてはホンが使われたが今はめったに使われない。 (4) 伝送回路での電力または電圧の減衰レベルの単位 入力電力 P1 ,出力電力 P2 のとき伝送回路の電力減衰のレベルは 10 log 10(P1/P2) で与えられる。また,入力電圧 V1 ,出力電圧 V2 のとき回路の電圧減衰のレベルは 20 log 10(V1/V2) で与えられる。 (5) 増幅回路,減衰回路における増幅度の単位 デシベル表示したとき利得ともいう。入力電力 P1 ,出力電力 P2 のとき回路の電力増幅のレベルは 10 log 10(P2/P1) で与えられる。また入力電圧 V1 ,出力電圧 V2 のとき回路の電圧増幅のレベルは 20 log 10(V2/V1) で与えられる。電流も同様。伝送回路の場合に対して比 P2/P1 または V2/V1 を逆数にとるのは,回路のデシベル値に増幅のときに正の値,減衰のときに負の値をとらせるためである。なお,入力回路,出力回路の抵抗が R1 ,R2 のとき,R1=R2 ならば電力増幅のレベルは電圧増幅のレベルに等しいが,R1≠R2 ならば異なるので,電力増幅と電圧増幅は区別しなければならない。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
...These people also carried out guerilla activit...
A common name for amateur radio operators. Qualifi...
…A commentary on the Engishiki Shinmeicho written...
… Electronic warfare is classified as follows: (1...
A forecast that warns of the risk of damage caused...
…A type of active galaxy specially classified by ...
…[Mayumi Takahashi]. . . *Some of the terminology...
...The name of the head of the Utazawa Shiba scho...
〘Noun〙 ("Me" is the Go-on pronunciation ...
Children's writer. Born on July 30, 1913 in H...
… The word personality is said to come from the L...
A sect of mystery religion that spread throughout...
...From the 4th to the 6th century, the script sp...
A village in Aso County in the northeastern part o...
〘Noun〙 = Kitai-i (odd-ungulate) Source: The Select...