Tango Province

The old name of the northern part of Kyoto Prefecture. It belongs to the San'in Road. In the Wamyōshō it is written as "Taniha no Michi no Shiri". In 713 (Wado 6), the five districts of Kasa, Yosa, Tamba, Takeno, and Kumano were separated from Tanba Province to form Tango Province. The wooden tablets excavated from the Fujiwara Palace contain the words Kasa Kori, Yosa Kori, and Takeno Kori. Among the ancient relics excavated in Tango is a tongue-shaped pointed vessel. The Jomon period ruins are on the coast and on old sand dunes, and then in the Yayoi period they spread from the coast to the inland areas, changing from those with a strong connection to Kitakyushu to those with a strong Kinai color, and gradually the regional color of Tango becomes more prominent. In the early and middle Kofun period, large keyhole-shaped tumuli remain. The Tango no Kuni Fudoki contains legends such as Nagu Shrine (the legend of Hagoromo and Toyokanome no Mikoto), Amanohashidate, and Urashimako. The Kojiki and Nihon Shoki contain legends of Emperors Kaika and Suinin marrying the daughters of the rulers of the area. The Wamyosho states the provincial capital was in Kasa County, but it is also true that it was located in Fuchu, Yosa County (Miyazu City). The Kokubunji ruins (national historic site) are located in Kokubun, Miyazu City. Of the 65 Shikinaisha shrines in total, many in the Takeno River basin are dedicated to Toyouke no Okami. There are many esoteric Buddhist temples in various areas that have legends of being founded in the Nara period. Among the manors that could be found from the end of the Heian period to the early Kamakura period were Shidaka Manor, Shiraku Manor, Yoshii Manor (Kasa County), Miyazu Manor (Yosa County), and other areas such as Chokodo territory and Iwashimizu Hachiman Shrine territory.

After the Nanboku-cho period, the position of Tango Shugoshiki (military governor) changed hands several times, starting with the Uesugi clan, but in 1392 (Genchu ​​9, Meitoku 3), it was passed to Isshiki Mitsunori, and from then on the Isshiki clan ruled Tango, regardless of the title of shugo. During that time, there were several battles with the Takeda forces of Wakasa. In 1578-79 (Tensho 6-7), Oda Nobunaga ordered Akechi Mitsuhide, Hosokawa Fujitaka, Tadaoki, and others to pacify Tango, and from 1580 onwards the Hosokawa clan took possession of Tango. After the Battle of Sekigahara, Kyogoku Takatomo entered the area and ruled Tango Province with 123,000 koku of rice. After his death, the area was divided into three domains: Miyazu Domain with 78,200 koku, Tanabe Domain with 35,000 koku (Maizuru City), and Mineyama Domain with 13,000 koku. Later, the Kumihama magistrate's office was established, and it managed over 67,000 koku of bakufu territory in both Tango and Tajima Provinces. The feudal lords of Mineyama were the Kyogoku clan, and Tanabe were the Kyogoku clan for three generations, followed by the Makino clan, until the end of the Edo period, but Miyazu changed hands many times, from Kyogoku, Nagai, Abe, Okudaira, Aoyama, to Honjo (Matsudaira). In 1871 (Meiji 4), the domains were abolished and became Toyooka Prefecture, and in 1876, it was incorporated into Kyoto Prefecture.

Tango crepe became a specialty of Tango after the Kyoho era (1716-1736). Tanabe, Miyazu, and Iwataki (Yosa County) also prospered with the development of the Nishimawari shipping route.

[Toshio Nakajima]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

京都府北部の旧国名。山陰道に属す。『和名抄(わみょうしょう)』には「たにはのみちのしり」と記す。713年（和銅6）丹波(たんば)国から加佐(かさ)、与佐(よさ)、丹波、竹野(たかの)、熊野(くまの)の5郡を割いて丹後国を置いた。藤原宮出土木簡に、加佐評(こおり)、与射(よさ)評、竹野評の語がある。丹後の古い時代の出土遺物に有舌尖頭器(ゆうぜつせんとうき)がある。縄文時代遺跡は海岸・古砂丘上に、続いて弥生(やよい)時代には海岸部から内陸部へ広がり、北九州との関連性の強いものから畿内(きない)色の濃いものに変化し、漸次丹後の地域色が目だってくる。古墳時代前・中期には大型前方後円墳を残している。『丹後国風土記(ふどき)』には、奈具(なぐ)社（羽衣(はごろも)、豊宇賀能売命(とようかのめのみこと)伝承）、天椅立(あまのはしだて)、浦嶼子(うらしまこ)などの伝承を載せる。『古事記』『日本書紀』には、開化(かいか)・垂仁(すいにん)天皇がこの地の支配者の娘をめとった伝承を載せている。『和名抄』は国府を加佐郡とするが、与謝(よさ)郡府中（宮津市）にあったことも事実である。宮津市国分(こくぶん)には国分寺遺跡（国史跡）がある。式内社総計65座のうち、竹野川流域には豊受(とようけ)大神を祀(まつ)るものが多い。各地に奈良期創建の寺伝をもつ密教寺院が多い。荘園(しょうえん)には志高(しだか)荘、志楽(しらく)荘、吉囲(よしい)荘（加佐郡）、宮津荘（与謝郡）ほか各地に長講堂領、石清水八幡宮(いわしみずはちまんぐう)領などが平安末期から鎌倉初期にみられる。

　南北朝期以降、中世の丹後守護職(しゅごしき)は上杉氏以下幾変遷があったが、1392年（元中9・明徳3）一色満範(いっしきみつのり)に移り、以後は一色氏が守護の名目のいかんを問わず丹後を支配した。その間若狭(わかさ)武田方との間に何度か攻防があった。1578～79年（天正6～7）織田信長は明智光秀(あけちみつひで)、細川藤孝(ふじたか)・忠興(ただおき)らに丹後平定を命じ、80年以降細川氏は丹後を領有した。関ヶ原の戦い以後京極高知(きょうごくたかとも)が入部、丹後一国12万3000石を領したが、その没後は宮津藩7万8200石、田辺(たなべ)藩3万5000石（舞鶴(まいづる)市）、峰山(みねやま)藩1万3000石の3領に分かれた。のち久美浜(くみはま)代官所が置かれ、丹後・但馬(たじま)両国の幕領6万7000石余を管理した。藩主は、峰山は京極氏、田辺は京極氏3代ののち牧野氏が幕末まで続いたが、宮津は京極、永井、阿部、奥平、青山、本荘(ほんじょう)（松平）と変遷が多かった。1871年（明治4）廃藩で豊岡(とよおか)県となり、76年京都府に編入。

　丹後縮緬(ちりめん)は、享保(きょうほう)（1716～36）以降丹後の特産に成長した。また田辺、宮津、岩滝（与謝郡）は西廻(にしまわり)航路の発達に伴って栄えた。

［中嶋利雄］

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