A plateau of the Pleistocene (Pleistocene) spreads across the central part of Ibaraki Prefecture. It has been eroded by the Kuji River, Naka River, Hinuma River, Kitaura, Kasumigaura, Sakuragawa River, Kokai River, Kinu River, Iinuma River, Tone River, and other rivers, and has been separated into plateaus such as Naka, Higashiibaraki, Kashima, Namegata, Niihari, Tsukuba Inashiki, Yuki, and Sashima. The plateau increases in height in a concentric circle around the Kanto Plain, centered on Koga City, for example, 15 meters near Koga, 20 meters near Mitsukaido, 25 to 30 meters near Tsuchiura, 35 meters on the Namegata Plateau, and 40 meters on the Kashima Plateau. This is due to the influence of the Kanto Tectonic Basin Movement, and lakes and marshes are prone to form in the downstream of each river. The surface is covered with a loam layer, and underneath that is mainly a marine layer called the Narita Group, which is made up of clay, gravel, and sand. The soil is yellowish-brown poor soil (red soil), and the groundwater level is low and water is scarce, so there are many lowland forests of pine and oak trees, and forestry such as firewood and charcoal was seen. Agricultural development progressed during the Meiji period and after World War II, and upland rice, wheat, sweet potatoes, leaf tobacco, and mulberry were cultivated. Since the 1970s, it has become a major production area for Chinese cabbage, burdock, outdoor melon, lettuce, and peanuts. On the other hand, development is progressing around the JR Joban Line, with nuclear facilities, Tsukuba Science City, industrial complexes, and housing complexes. [Akitoshi Sakurai] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
茨城県中央部に広がる更新世(洪積世)の台地。久慈(くじ)川、那珂(なか)川、涸沼(ひぬま)川、北浦、霞ヶ浦(かすみがうら)、桜川、小貝(こかい)川、鬼怒(きぬ)川、飯沼(いいぬま)川、利根(とね)川などで侵食され、那珂、東茨城、鹿島(かしま)、行方(なめがた)、新治(にいはり)、筑波稲敷(つくばいなしき)、結城(ゆうき)、猿島(さしま)などの台地に分離している。台地面は古河市(こがし)を中心にして関東平野周辺に同心円状に高度を増し、たとえば古河付近15メートル、水海道(みつかいどう)付近20メートル、土浦付近25~30メートル、行方台地35メートル、鹿島台地40メートルとなっている。これは関東構造盆地運動による影響で、各河川下流部に湖沼や湿地のできやすい面もある。表面はローム層で覆われ、その下は粘土、礫(れき)、砂の成田層群とよばれる海成層がおもである。土壌は黄褐色のやせ土(赤土)で、地下水位も深く水に乏しいため、マツ、ナラなど平地林が多く、薪(まき)、炭など林業がみられた所である。明治時代と第二次世界大戦後に農業開拓が進んで、陸稲、麦類、サツマイモ、葉タバコ、クワなどが栽培された。1970年代以後は、ハクサイ、ゴボウ、露地メロン、レタス、ラッカセイなどの主産地となっている。一方で原子力施設、筑波研究学園都市、工業団地、住宅団地など、JR常磐(じょうばん)線を軸に開発が進んでいる。 [櫻井明俊] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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