Biot, Jean-Baptiste

Japanese: ビオ（英語表記）Biot， Jean-Baptiste

Born: April 21, 1774 in Paris
Died: February 3, 1862. French physicist. Studied at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, he was a professor of mathematics at the University of Beaubier (1797) and professor of mathematical physics at the Collège de France (1800). He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences (03). His discovery of Biot-Savart's law in 1820 together with F. Savart is famous for providing the foundation for electromagnetism. He also observed the upper atmosphere and the earth's magnetic field using the first scientific balloon together with J. Gay-Lussac (04). He also achieved many results in the study of polarized light, notably discovering that the plane of polarization of polarized light passing through a sugar solution rotates depending on the concentration (35), for which he received the Rumford Medal from the Royal Society of London in 1840. His research on the phenomenon of optical rotation was continued by L. Pasteur, and became a clue for subsequent research on fermentation. He was a member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1856.

Bio
biot

The CGS electromagnetic unit of electric current. Its symbol is Bi. Its relationship to the SI unit of ampere is 1Bi = 10A. The unit is named after JB Biot.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1774.4.21. パリ
[没]1862.2.3. パリ
フランスの物理学者。パリのエコール・ポリテクニクに学び，ボービェ大学数学教授 (1797) 。さらにコレージュ・ド・フランスの数理物理学教授 (1800) 。フランス科学アカデミー会員 (03) 。 1820年に F.サバールと共同で発見したビオ＝サバールの法則は電磁気学の基礎を与えたものとして有名。また J.ゲイ＝リュサックとともに初の科学気球を用いて上層大気および地磁気を観測 (04) 。偏光の研究でも多くの成果をあげたが，とりわけ糖溶液を通過する偏光の偏光面が濃度に応じて回転することを発見 (35) して，40年にロンドン・ロイヤル・ソサエティからランフォード・メダルを受けた。彼の旋光現象の研究は，L.パスツールに受継がれ，その後の発酵の研究の糸口になっていく。 56年フランス学士院会員。