Funeral - Soushiki

Japanese: 葬式 - そうしき

〘noun〙 A ceremony to bury the dead. A funeral. A funeral service. A funeral service. ※Essays, Byokan Chogo (1763), vol. 2: “The Confucian funerals in the world are funerals based on the Zhu Xi rituals of the ancient Neo-Confucian school, and are a term used against Buddhism.” ※Reading book, Tsubakisetsu Yumiharigetsu (1807-11), cont. “In the Ryukyu Kingdom, there were no funerals that involved burial in the ground or by cremation , and only burials at sea were practiced.” [Etymology] (1) Of the words “funeral,” “funeral,” and “funeral service,” only “funeral service” appears in medieval dictionaries. In the past, “funeral service” had a general, broad meaning of a Chinese-style ceremony to bury the dead. The corrupted form, souren, is found throughout the country, so it can be said that the word was widespread among the common people.
(2) The word "sougi" also appears in the "Shoku Nihongi," but "sougi" refers to the regulations on funerals for those below the Emperor, mainly those of official rank or higher, as stipulated in the funeral ordinances. "Sougi" was later written as "sougi" ("sogi") and "funeral," and was used to refer to the funerals of ordinary people, expanding its meaning and usage.
(3) The word "funeral" began to appear from the mid-Edo period onwards.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙死者をほうむる儀式。葬礼。葬儀。とむらい。※随筆・病間長語（1763）二「世に儒葬と云へる目のあるは、昔の性理家の朱子家礼に拠て建たる葬式にて、仏家に対して云ふたる詞なり」※読本・椿説弓張月（1807‐11）続「琉球国に、土葬火葬の葬式(ソウシキ)なく、水葬のみをもはらとせしかば」[語誌](1)「葬式」「葬儀」「葬礼」のうち中世の古辞書類に挙がっているのは「葬礼」だけである。古く「葬礼」は死者をほうむる中国的な礼式をいう一般的な広い意味をもっていた。転訛形のソウレンが全国的に見られることから、庶民の間にも浸透していた語と言えよう。
(2)「続日本紀」には、「喪儀」という語も見られるが、「喪儀」は喪葬令に規定された天皇以下、主として官人身分以上の葬送についての規定をいった。「喪儀」は、後に表記が「葬義」〔書言字考節用集〕、「葬儀」に変わり、一般の人々を葬る場合にも使用され、意味用法が拡大した。
(3)「葬式」という語が見られるようになるのは、江戸時代の中期以降。

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