A dome structure formed when an underground layer of rock salt intrudes into the sedimentary layer above. Some salt domes rise from depths of 5,000 to 10,000 meters underground, and their diameters range from 1 kilometer to more than 2 kilometers. The strata deposited on top of the salt layer initially have a lower density than rock salt due to their large porosity, but as the strata are consolidated, their density increases. When this happens, the heavier strata sit on top of the lighter salt layer, making it gravitationally unstable, and the salt layer, which has become significantly more plastic in places with high confining pressure such as deep underground, lifts up the upper layer and eventually intrudes, forming a salt dome. Salt domes are not only mined as deposits of rock salt, potassium, etc., but they also have great resource and economic value, as petroleum may be stored in the strata above the domes and in the surrounding strata. [Tanio Itoh and Akihiro Murata] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地下の岩塩層が上部の堆積(たいせき)層に貫入してつくられたドーム構造。岩塩ドームは地下5000メートルから1万メートル以上の深さから上昇したものもあり、ドームの直径は1キロメートルから、なかには2キロメートルを超すものがある。 岩塩層の上に堆積した地層は、初めは間隙(かんげき)率が大きいため岩塩より密度が低いのだが、地層の圧密によって密度は岩塩よりも高くなっていく。そうなると軽い岩塩層の上に重い地層がのるため重力的に不安定になり、地下深所のような封圧の高いところで著しく可塑性を増した岩塩層が上位層を持ち上げ、ついには貫入することによって、岩塩ドームが形成される。岩塩ドームは、岩塩、カリウムなどの鉱床として採掘されるだけでなく、ドーム上部や周辺の地層に石油が貯留していることもあるため、資源・経済的価値が大きい。 [伊藤谷生・村田明広] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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