Fattening - Hiiku

Japanese: 肥育 - ひいく
Fattening - Hiiku

This refers to fattening livestock and poultry before slaughter. To achieve this, they are fed nutritious fattening feed, avoided strenuous exercise, encouraged to accumulate fat and increase muscle mass in the body, and distributed fat evenly among muscle tissues, improving the quality of the meat while producing more meat. During growth, the accumulation of protein and fat increases in the body, but as they approach maturity, fat accumulation becomes greater, so in order to avoid this, feed intake is restricted in the latter half of fattening. Meat-only breeds may be fattened from the early stages of growth, or may be raised in a normal growth period at first, followed by finish fattening at the end. For cattle, there is short-term fattening, which is completed in 3 to 4 months, and long-term fattening, which is fattened over a year to improve meat quality, but for pigs and broilers, fattening methods that allow for faster weight gain are common. For dual-purpose and other breeds, females are used for milk production and other production, and then short-term fattening for meat. Most male livestock are raised for meat from the start, but although they grow quickly, their meat is coarse and has a boar smell, so they are often castrated before being raised for fattening.

[Nishida Tomoko]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

食肉を生産する家畜や家禽(かきん)をと畜前に肥(ふと)らせることをいう。そのためには、栄養価の高い肥育飼料を与えて激しい運動を避け、体内の脂肪蓄積と筋肉の増大を促し、筋肉組織に脂肪をほどよく分布させて、肉の品質をよくすると同時に、より多くの肉を生産するように飼育する。成長中は体内にタンパク質と脂肪の蓄積が増加するが、成熟期に近づくと脂肪の蓄積のほうが多くなるので、これを避けるため肥育後半は飼料摂取量を抑制する。肉専用種は成長の初期から肥育される場合と、初めは通常の成長に準じた育成期とし、最後に仕上げ肥育を行う場合がある。ウシでは3~4か月間で仕上げる短期肥育と、肉質をよくするため一か年かけて肥育する長期肥育があるが、ブタやブロイラーではより速く増体させるような肥育法が一般的である。兼用種やほかの用種も、雌畜の場合は産乳そのほかの生産に使われたのち肉用に短期肥育される。雄畜の多くは初めから肉用に肥育されるが、発育は速いが肉質が粗く雄臭があるので、去勢して肥育される場合が多い。

[西田恂子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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