pomeshchichii krest'yane (English spelling) pomeshchichiikrestyane

…In 1762, as the nobles were freed from compulsory state service, the power of the feudal lords to rule over their serfs was expanded and officially recognized, and it is said that Russian serfdom reached its peak during the period of the “nobility empire.” By the way, peasants in Russia from the late 18th century to the early 19th century can be broadly divided into three categories: imperial land peasants, state land peasants, and manor peasants, but the ones generally called serfs were the manor peasants (pomeshchichii krest'yane), which also included servants who were slaves to the lords. According to the 10th census from 1857 to 1860, the population of manor peasants in European Russia, both male and female, was 21,976,232, of which 1,467,378 were servants. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "pomeshchichii krest'yane" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…1762年，貴族が義務的な国家勤務から解放されるなかで，領主の農奴支配の権限も拡大され，それが公的にも認められ，ロシア農奴制は，この〈貴族帝国〉の時代に最盛期を迎えたといわれる。　ところで，18世紀後半～19世紀前半のロシアにおける農民は，大きく分類して，御料地農民，国有地農民，領主農民の三つの範疇に分けられるが，一般に農奴と呼ばれたのは領主農民pomeshchichii krest’yaneで，そこには領主の奴隷的存在であった僕婢も含まれた。1857‐60年の第10回人口調査によれば，ヨーロッパ･ロシアにおける領主農民の人口は男女合わせて2197万6232，そのうち僕婢は146万7378であった。…

※「pomeshchichii krest'yane」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報