Aesthetic consciousness (English spelling)

Japanese: 美意識 - びいしき(英語表記)aesthetic consciousness 英語
Aesthetic consciousness (English spelling)

Consciousness is the function of the mental attitude that accepts and produces aesthetic objects. Since aesthetics was defined by Baumgarten as the "science of sensible perception," aesthetics has been the most central theme of aesthetics. The reason is that while classical aesthetics pursued the idea of ​​supersensible beauty, modern aesthetics has taken as its theme beauty as it directly appears in our consciousness. When we enjoy works of art or natural beauty, unlike our consciousness in everyday situations, our consciousness is not driven by any interest in the object, but is in a state of free play, so to speak. It is not driven by a fixed idea of ​​purpose, as in the case of moral judgment, and yet it achieves a certain purposiveness. Analyzing this point, Kant characterized aesthetic consciousness with the words "disinterest" and "purposiveness without purpose."

However, this characteristic of aesthetic consciousness is only precipitated when one is in a passive, contemplative attitude. Aesthetic consciousness is not limited to the enjoyment of the beauty of a work of art, but must also be active in the creation of aesthetic things. When creating a work, our minds must be governed by some kind of sense of purpose, and exist bound by existential concerns. When we look at the aspects of such creative acts and critical activities, we must recognize in aesthetic consciousness not only the receptive aspect based on sensibility, but also the active aspect based on reason.

[Katsuhiko Ito]

"Critique of Judgment" by Kant, translated by Hideo Shinoda (Iwanami Bunko)""History of Aesthetic Consciousness by Katsunori Onishi (1949, Kadokawa Shoten)""Phases of Beauty and Art by Tomonobu Imamichi (1968, University of Tokyo Press)"

[References] | Kant | Baumgarten | Beauty

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

美的な対象を受容し、また産出する精神の態度において働く意識。美学がバウムガルテンによって「感性的認識の学」と定義されて以来、美学のもっとも中心的な主題となった。その理由は、古典美学では超感覚的な美の理念が追究されたのに反し、近代美学では、われわれの意識に直接現象する限りの美が主題とされるようになったからである。芸術作品や自然美を享受する際のわれわれの意識は、日常的場面での意識とは違って、事物への利害関心によって動かされることなく、いわば自由な遊びの状態にある。道徳的判断の場合のように一定の目的観念によって動かされることなく、しかもある合目的性を実現している。この点を分析して、カントは美意識を「無関心性」と「目的なき合目的性」ということばで特徴づけている。

 しかし、このような美意識の性格は、受動的・観照的態度にあるときにだけ析出されるものであるにすぎない。美意識は、芸術作品の美を享受する場合に限らず、美的なものを創造する場面においても積極的に働いているはずである。作品の創造の際には、われわれの精神はなんらかの目的意識に支配され、存在関心に拘束されて存在しているはずである。こうした創造行為や批評活動の面に注目するとき、美意識のうちに、感性による受容的側面ばかりでなく、理性による能動活動の面も認めなければならなくなるであろう。

[伊藤勝彦]

『カント著、篠田英雄訳『判断力批判』二冊(岩波文庫)』『大西克禮著『美意識論史』(1949・角川書店)』『今道友信著『美の位相と芸術』(1968・東京大学出版会)』

[参照項目] | カント | バウムガルテン |

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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