This equation of state was proposed by Dutch physicist van der Waals in 1873 and is expressed as follows for 1 mole of a substance (where p is pressure, V is volume, R is the gas constant, and T is absolute temperature). This equation was derived based on the idea that the deviation from an ideal gas can be expressed by (1) using the constant b to represent the effect of the size of the gas molecules, and (2) using the constant a to incorporate the effect of intermolecular attraction. A characteristic of this equation of state is the existence of a critical temperature Tc , given by Tc = 8a / 27bR ( this can be determined at the critical point because, in addition to equation (1), ( ∂p / ∂V ) T = 0 and ( ∂2p / ∂V2 ) T = 0 hold). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
オランダの物理学者ファン・デル・ワールスが1873年に提唱した状態方程式で,1molの物質に対して,と表される(pは圧力,Vは体積,Rは気体定数,Tは絶対温度)。この方程式は,理想気体からのずれを,(1)定数bで気体分子の大きさの影響を表し,(2)定数aで分子間引力の効果を取り入れるという考え方に立脚して導かれた。この状態方程式の特徴は,Tc=8a/27bRで与えられる臨界温度Tcの存在である(臨界点では(1)式のほか,(∂p/∂V)T=0,(∂2p/∂V2)T=0が成立することから求められる)。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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