Percussion instruments

Japanese: 打楽器 - だがっき(英語表記)percussion instruments
Percussion instruments
Although it means an instrument that is struck, it is actually a general term for instruments that are struck together (castanets, cymbals), struck (xylophones, drums, gongs), stomped on (slit drums), shaken (rattle, maracas, sistrum), plucked (sanza, mouth harp), or struck by friction (guilo, glass harmonica). There are instruments with a fixed pitch, such as xylophones, timpani, and glass harmonicas, and instruments with an indefinite pitch, such as castanets and maracas, and the former can even play a scale, such as xylophones. In Western orchestras, timpani and cymbals are the standard. Percussion instruments are said to be the oldest of all musical instruments historically, and are still widely used around the world today. Slit drums, clappers, striking boards, the sarongs, bonangs, and gambangs of Javanese gamelan, Japanese and Chinese bells, Western bells, and mouth harps used by the Ainu and Cambodian peoples are all considered percussion instruments. In Hornbostel-Sachs' classification of musical instruments, drums are classified as membranophones and the rest as idiophones.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
打奏される楽器という意味であるが,実際には,打合せたり (カスタネット,シンバル) ,打鳴らしたり (木琴類,太鼓類,ゴング類) ,踏鳴らしたり (スリット・ドラム) ,振鳴らしたり (ガラガラ,マラカス,シストルム) ,はじき鳴らしたり (サンザ,口琴) ,摩擦して鳴らしたり (グイロ,グラス・ハーモニカ) する楽器の総称。木琴類,ティンパニ,グラス・ハーモニカなど音律が一定のものと,カスタネット,マラカスのように音律が不定のものとがあり,前者にはさらに木琴類のように音階を奏しうるものもある。西洋の管弦楽ではティンパニとシンバルを用いるのが定石。打楽器はすべての楽器中,歴史的には最古といわれ,今日でも世界各地に広く存在している。スリット・ドラムや拍子木,打板,ジャワのガムランのサロン,ボナン,ガンバンなど,日本や中国の鐘,西洋のベル,アイヌやカンボジアの人々が用いる口琴なども,すべて打楽器とみなされる。ホルンボステル=ザックスの楽器分類法では,太鼓類を膜鳴楽器,その他を体鳴楽器として区別している。

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