Babur (English spelling) haīr al-Dīn Muammad Bābur

Japanese: バーブル - ばーぶる(英語表記)haīr al-Dīn Muammad Bābur
Babur (English spelling) haīr al-Dīn Muammad Bābur

The founder of the Mughal dynasty in India (reigned 1526-30). Grandson of Timur the 5th. Babur, ruler of Fergana in Central Asia, dreamed of reviving the Timurid Empire, but his own territory was taken by the Uzbeks. He established a state in Kabul and tried to restore his homeland by allied with the Safavid dynasty, but failed. So he decided to invade India, which was in turmoil due to internal conflicts within the Lodi dynasty at the time. With his military talent and excellent artillery honed in Central Asia, he defeated the army of Ibrahim Lodi, which was said to be ten times larger than his own, in the Battle of Panipat in 1526, taking the capital Delhi. He also defeated the Rajput coalition army and the King of Bengal, conquering the major parts of northern India. He distributed the major part of his territory to his generals to govern, but he had to leave a significant part of it to the Afghan nobles and local lords (zamindars) who were his subjects, and he was not yet able to establish the stability of his empire. His memoirs in Chagatai Turkish, "Babur Nama", are a masterpiece.

[Hiroshi Nagashima]

Mughal Empire/Brief family tree
©Shogakukan ">

Mughal Empire/Brief family tree


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

インドのムガル朝の始祖(在位1526~30)。ティームールの5世の孫。中央アジア、フェルガナの領主バーブルは、ティームール帝国の復活を夢みたが、ウズベク人のために自領をも奪われ、カブールに建国し、サファビー朝と結んで故国の回復を図ったが失敗した。そこで、おりからロディー朝の内紛で混乱していたインドへの遠征を決行した。中央アジアで鍛えられた軍事的才能と優秀な火砲をもった彼は、1526年、10倍ともいわれるイブラーヒーム・ロディーの大軍を、パーニーパットの戦いで撃破して首都デリーを奪い、さらにラージプート連合軍やベンガル王にも勝利し、北インド主要部を征服した。彼はその領地の主要部分を自己の武将たちに分与し統治させたが、少なからぬ部分を、服属したアフガン人豪族や各地の土豪(ザミーンダール)たちに所領として安堵(あんど)しなければならず、まだ帝国の安定を確立できなかった。彼のチャガタイ・トルコ語による回想録『バーブル・ナーマ』は一大傑作である。

[長島 弘]

ムガル帝国/略系図
©Shogakukan">

ムガル帝国/略系図


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