The central city of Khabarovsk region, located in the far east of the Russian Federation. Population 614,000 (1999). It is located on the east bank of the Amur River, near the confluence with the Ussuri River, a tributary. In 1651-52, Russian explorer Erofey Pavlovich Khabarov (c. 1603-after 1671) built a fortress in this area, but as a result of the Treaty of Nerchinsk, Russia withdrew from the Amur River basin. Colonization was later resumed, and in 1858, Khabarovka Outpost, named after Khabarov, was established on the current city site. In 1880, it was incorporated as a city, and in 1884, it became the station of the newly established Governor-General of the Amur Coast Region, and in 1893, it was renamed to its current name. After World War I, the city was occupied by the Allied forces (Japan and the United States) from 1918 to 1922. The main industries are machinery and metals (machine tools, shipbuilding, ship repair, cable manufacturing), and there are large factories such as "Far East Energy Machinery" and "Far East Diesel". Other industries include oil refining, light industry, food processing, construction material production, and chemical and pharmaceutical industries. It is also an educational and cultural center with a number of universities (medical, educational, craft, railway engineering, physical education, etc.), museums, and theaters. It is a transportation hub and an important port city on the Amur River, and is connected to the Trans-Baikal region (east of Lake Baikal) and Vladivostok and Nakhodka ports via the Trans-Siberian Railway. The airport is a center for domestic and international aviation. As a transportation and military hub close to China, it was the headquarters of the Soviet Far East Military District during the Cold War. There are many Japanese companies and Japanese-Russian joint ventures, and the Japanese Consulate General is located here, as well as regular air routes between the city and its sister city, Niigata. [Masatoshi Mikami and Toshihiko Ueno] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア連邦極東に位置するハバロフスク地方の中心都市。人口61万4000(1999)。アムール川東岸、支流ウスリー川との合流点付近に位置する。1651~52年にロシアの探検家エロフェイ・パーブロビチ・ハバロフЕрофей П. Хабаров/Erofey P. Habarov(1603ごろ―71以降)がこの付近に要塞(ようさい)を築いたが、ネルチンスク条約の結果、ロシアはアムール川流域から撤退した。のちに植民が再開され、1858年に現在の市の位置にハバロフの名にちなむハバロフカ哨所(しょうしょ)ができた。1880年に市制施行、84年からは、新設されたアムール沿岸地方総督の駐在地となり、93年に現市名に改称。第一次世界大戦後の1918~22年、連合国軍(日・米)によって占拠された。おもな工業は、機械・金属(工作機械、造船、船舶修理、ケーブル製造)で、「極東エネルギー機械」「極東ディーゼル」などの大工場がある。そのほか、石油精製、軽工業、食品加工、建築資材生産、化学・薬品工業などがある。単科諸大学(医学、教育、工芸、鉄道技師、体育など)、博物館、劇場などがあって教育・文化の中心でもある。交通の要地で、アムール川の重要な港湾都市であり、シベリア鉄道でザバイカル(バイカル湖東方)方面およびウラジオストク、ナホトカ港と通じている。空港は国内および国際航空の一中心となっている。中国に近い交通・軍事上の要地として、冷戦時代にはソ連極東軍管区の司令部が置かれていた。日本企業や、日露合弁企業も多く、日本総領事館が置かれているほか、姉妹都市新潟との間に定期航空路線が開かれている。 [三上正利・上野俊彦] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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