Yushin

A poet of the Northern Zhou Dynasty in China. His pen name was Zishan. He was from Xinye, Nanyang County (Henan Province). His father, Yu Jianwu, was a close literary aide to the literary salon of the Southern Dynasty Liang Prince Xiao Gang (Emperor Jianwen), and Yu Xin also served Xiao Gang at a young age. His elegant style of poetry was called "Xu Yu Style" along with that of his contemporary Xu Ling, and he was a master of the "Gong Style Poetry" that was popular in Xiao Gang's literary salon and took the world by storm. However, Yu Xin's environment changed drastically due to the Hou Jing Rebellion. After the rebellion was put down, he was ordered by the Yuan Emperor Xiao Yi to go to Chang'an, the capital of the Western Wei Dynasty, but during his stay in Chang'an, the Liang Dynasty was virtually destroyed by an invasion from the Western Wei Dynasty. Yu Xin, a representative literary figure of the Southern Dynasties, was treated well in the Western Wei Dynasty and then in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, which replaced the Western Wei Dynasty, and died in a foreign land at the age of 69 in the early years of the Sui Dynasty. His experience serving the Northern Dynasties completely transformed his literary work. His continued view of his own tragedy in the sadness of his lost country and his longing for home became a lifelong theme, and resulted in many awe-inspiring fu and poems. These suggest the end of Southern Dynasty literature, and are connected to the world of passion in the poetry of the following Tang Dynasty. His representative works include "Fu to the Sadness of Jiangnan" and the 27 poems of "Giyō-Hai". The Yu Zishanshu has 16 volumes.

[Tetsuo Naruse]

"Chinese Poets 4: Yu Xin" by Xing Shanhong (1983, Shueisha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、北周の詩人。字(あざな)は子山。南陽郡新野（河南省）の人。父の庾肩吾(けんご)は、南朝梁(りょう)の太子蕭綱(しょうこう)（簡文帝）の文学サロンの側近文人で、庾信も若くして蕭綱に仕えた。艶麗(えんれい)な詩風は、同時代の徐陵(じょりょう)と並べて「徐庾体」とよばれ、蕭綱の文学サロンから流行し一世を風靡(ふうび)した「宮体詩」の名手であった。しかし侯景の乱によって庾信の環境は激変する。乱平定後、元帝蕭繹(しょうえき)の命で西魏(せいぎ)の国都長安に使いしたが、長安滞在中、西魏の侵寇(しんこう)によって梁は事実上崩壊してしまう。南朝を代表する文人であった庾信は、西魏で、さらに西魏にかわった北周で厚遇され、隋(ずい)の初年、69歳で異境の地に果てた。北朝に仕えた体験は、庾信の文学を一変させた。亡国の悲しみと望郷の思いに自己の悲劇をみ続けたことは、彼の生涯のテーマとなり、多くの凄涼(せいりょう)感ただよう賦(ふ)や詩に結実した。それらは、南朝文学の終焉(しゅうえん)を暗示するとともに、次代の唐詩の激情の世界へとつながっている。「哀江南(あいこうなん)の賦」や「擬詠懐」27首が代表作。『庾子山集』16巻がある。

［成瀬哲生］

『興善宏著『中国の詩人4　庾信』（1983・集英社）』

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