Carbon monoxide - Issankatanso (English spelling)
|
A gas produced when carbon or carbon compounds are burned in the absence of oxygen, or when carbon dioxide (carbonic acid gas) is reduced by coke at high temperatures. It is sold in cylinders (the cylinders are gray in color). In industrial areas where large amounts of coal and oil are consumed, it can reach considerable amounts in the air, and is also found in automobile exhaust fumes. [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] ManufacturingIndustrially, it is produced using coke or coal as the raw material. When air is passed through heated coke, a mixture of carbon monoxide and nitrogen (producer gas) is obtained, and when water vapor is passed through it, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (water gas) is obtained. Both are gaseous fuels. 2C + O2 - → 2CO (Producer gas method) [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] purificationIt can be washed with water or an aqueous alkali solution, liquefied if necessary, and then fractionally distilled, or it can be absorbed in an aqueous ammonia-alkaline solution of copper(I) chloride and then regenerated. [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] natureIt is a colorless, tasteless, toxic gas, and is extremely dangerous because it is odorless. At high temperatures, it acts as a reducing agent, reducing many metal oxides to produce metals. It is difficult to dissolve in water. At room temperature and pressure, it does not react with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, but at high temperatures and pressures it reacts to produce formate. When ignited in air, it burns with a pale blue flame and becomes carbon dioxide. It combines with non-metallic elements such as halogens and sulfur. It also forms compounds called metal carbonyls (nickel carbonyl, etc.) with transition metal elements at high temperatures. It can be used as a raw material for various synthetic reactions at appropriate temperatures, pressures, and catalysts. For example, it can combine directly with hydrogen to produce methanol (methyl alcohol), and it can react with alkenes and hydrogen to produce aldehydes. The physical properties of carbon monoxide are very similar to those of nitrogen gas (note that they have the same total number of valence electrons). The C-O bond distance in carbon monoxide is 113 picometers, which is shorter than the C-O distance of 122 picometers (double bond) in carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones, and is considered to be closer to a triple bond. [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] ApplicationsIt is widely used as an industrial gaseous fuel as the main component of producer gas, water gas, etc., and as a reducing agent in metallurgy (such as the reduction of iron oxide in a blast furnace Fe2O3 + 3CO- → 2Fe + 3CO2 ). Another important use is to produce carbon monoxide itself and phosgene COCl2 , which can then be used as starting materials to synthesize various compounds. [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] NoteIt is highly toxic, and the allowable concentration in the air is set at 50 ppm. This is because it binds to hemoglobin in the blood and inhibits its action. It is also highly flammable, and when mixed with air, it is highly explosive. [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] [References] | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
|
酸素が不十分な状態で、炭素または炭素化合物が燃焼するときや、二酸化炭素（炭酸ガス）を高温でコークスによって還元するとき生じる気体。ボンベ入り（ボンベの色は灰色）で市販されている。石炭、石油などを多量に消費する工場地帯の大気中では、かなりの量に達することもあり、自動車の排気ガス中にも含まれる。 ［守永健一・中原勝儼］ 製造工業的には、コークスまたは石炭を原料としてつくる。熱したコークスに空気を通すと、一酸化炭素と窒素の混合物（発生炉ガス）が得られ、また、水蒸気を通すと、一酸化炭素と水素との混合気体（水性ガス）が得られる。いずれも気体燃料である。 2C＋O2―→2CO（発生炉ガス法） ［守永健一・中原勝儼］ 精製水またはアルカリ水溶液で洗い、必要な場合は液化させてから分留する。また、塩化銅(Ⅰ)のアンモニアアルカリ性溶液に吸収させてから、再発生させる方法もある。 ［守永健一・中原勝儼］ 性質無色無味の有毒気体で、無臭であるだけにたいへん危険である。高温では還元剤として働き、多くの金属酸化物を還元して金属を生成する。水に溶けにくい。常温、常圧では水酸化ナトリウム水溶液と反応しないが、高温高圧下では反応してギ酸塩となる。空気中で点火すると青白い炎をあげて燃え二酸化炭素となる。ハロゲン、硫黄(いおう)など非金属元素と結合する。また、高温で遷移金属元素と金属カルボニル（ニッケルカルボニルなど）とよばれる化合物をつくる。適当な温度、圧力、触媒などでいろいろな合成反応の原料となる。たとえば、水素との直接結合によりメタノール（メチルアルコール）、アルケンに対し水素とともに反応してアルデヒドを生じる。 一酸化炭素の物理的性質は窒素ガスにたいへんよく似ている（原子価電子の総数が同じであることに注意）。一酸化炭素のC-O結合距離は113ピコメートルで、アルデヒドやケトンなどのカルボニル化合物のC-O距離122ピコメートル（二重結合）より短く、三重結合に近いものと考えられている。 ［守永健一・中原勝儼］ 用途発生炉ガス、水性ガスなどの主成分として工業用気体燃料、また金属の冶金(やきん)に還元剤として広く用いられる（溶鉱炉中の酸化鉄の還元Fe2O3＋3CO―→2Fe＋3CO2など）。一酸化炭素そのものやホスゲンCOCl2をつくり、これらを出発物質として各種化合物を合成することも重要な用途の一つとなっている。 ［守永健一・中原勝儼］ 注意毒性が強く、空気中での許容濃度は50ppmとされる。血液中のヘモグロビンと結合し、その作用を阻害するためである。また引火性が強く、空気と混合すると、きわめて爆発しやすい。 ［守永健一・中原勝儼］ [参照項目] | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Carbon monoxide self-rescuer - carbon monoxide self-rescuer
>>: Silicon monoxide (silicon monoxide) - Issankakeiso (English spelling) silicon monoxide
Recommend
Government bonds
Broadly speaking, it refers to debt of the public...
Kawakami Gorge
A scenic spot rich in beautiful valleys in central...
Protomyces
A genus in the order Protomycetales, class Hemispo...
Elsa Morante
Italian female writer. Born in Rome. First wife o...
Dieng Plateau
A 2,060m-high caldera located about 120km northwes...
Culture - Culture
…(f) taillé: Various vegetables are cut into the ...
Janse, O. (English spelling) JanseO
...The site was investigated by the Frenchman L. ...
Atactic polypropylene
… [Stereoregular Polymerization] Monomers with vi...
Ropeway - ropeway (English spelling)
Instead of laying rails on the ground, a steel ro...
Clinic - Shinryojo
It refers to medical institutions with 19 or fewe...
Aldan
...Industrial diamonds are mined in open pits at ...
Canaan (English spelling)
The ancient name of the Palestinian region. Its or...
Floating sea anemone
…The muscles of the body wall are well developed,...
Genkuro Kawase
...The effectiveness of gymnastics was introduced...
National polity ideology - kokutaishisou
It refers to an ideology that advocates the legiti...