Daikoku Jōze

The hereditary name of Ginza officials in the Edo period. Their family occupation was the Ginza silver minting office and the Aratameyaku office, and they were always involved in the minting of silver coins (chogin and kodamagin) at the government office, and this position was hereditary.

The first Tsuneyoshi was Yuasa Sakubei (?-1636), a townsman from Sakai, Izumi Province (Osaka Prefecture), who, in cooperation with five others, Kuwabara Sahee, Nagao Kozaemon, Murata Kyuzaemon, Gunji Hikobee, and Hase Matabee, bought cupellated silver from various countries, added copper to it, and stamped their respective seals to perform silver blowing work. In 1598 (Keicho 3), Tokugawa Ieyasu summoned Tsuneyoshi to Fushimi, gave him the surname Daikoku, and granted him the privileges of silver blowing and silver inspection. In 1601, a ginza was established in Fushimi, and Tsuneze brought Kuwabara and five others from Sakai to serve as ginza officials, stamping silver coins with special seals such as the image of Daikoku or Tsuneze. Later, a ginza was established in Sunpu (Shizuoka city) in 1606, and the following year, it was moved from Fushimi to Kyoto. In 1617, the ginza was moved from Sunpu to Edo. In all of these ginzas, Tsuneze's relatives became silver inspectors, and the position became hereditary. Enveloping the silver coins was considered a privilege of Tsuneze, and this was necessary when presenting silver coins to the shogunate. This is called a Tsuneze envelope.

[Yotaro Sakudo]

"Japanese Currency" by Jun Kobata (1958, Shibundo) " "Research on Early Modern Ginza" by Hiroyoshi Taya (1963, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸時代の銀座役人代々の世襲名。銀座の銀吹極(ぎんふききわめ)所ならびに諸上納銀改役(あらためやく)を家職となし、常是役所において銀貨（丁(ちょう)銀・小玉(こだま)銀）鋳造の業務を行い、その職役は世襲化された。

　初代常是は、和泉(いずみ)国（大阪府）堺(さかい)の町人湯浅作兵衛（？―1636）で、堺の南鐐座(なんりょうざ)において桑原左兵衛(さへえ)、長尾小左衛門(こざえもん)、村田久左衛門(きゅうざえもん)、郡司彦兵衛(ぐんじひこべえ)、長谷又兵衛(またべえ)の5人と申し合わせ、諸国から灰吹銀を買い集めて、これに銅を加え、めいめい極印を打って銀吹きを業務としていた。徳川家康は1598年（慶長3）に常是を伏見(ふしみ)に呼び寄せ、大黒の姓を与え、銀吹役・銀改役の特権を与えた。1601年に伏見に銀座を設け、常是は桑原ら5人を堺から召し連れ、銀座御用を勤め、銀貨に大黒像や常是などの極印を打った。その後、銀座は06年に駿府(すんぷ)（静岡市）に設けられ、翌07年には伏見から京都に移された。さらに12年には駿府から江戸に銀座が移転した。これらの銀座はいずれも常是の同族が銀改役となり、世襲化された。この銀貨の包封は常是の特権とされ、幕府に銀貨を上納するときなどには、この包封が必要であった。これを常是包とよぶ。

［作道洋太郎］

『小葉田淳著『日本の貨幣』（1958・至文堂）』▽『田谷博吉著『近世銀座の研究』（1963・吉川弘文館）』

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