Tiruvaḷḷuvar (English spelling)

Japanese: ティルバッルバル（英語表記）Tiruvaḷḷuvar

Author of Kural, a classic of southern Indian Tamil literature. He lived around the 5th century. Dates of birth and death unknown. He is believed to have been a Jain from the weaver class. Kural is a collection of proverbs consisting of 1,330 verses, and is composed of three chapters titled "Virtue," "Wealth," and "Love," which are the three major goals in life that Indians aspire to. Chapter 1, "Virtue," describes the morality that should be followed by ordinary people, and is notable for giving a relatively high status to women. Chapter 2, "Wealth," explains the political ethics of those in power, such as kings and ministers, and, unlike Sanskrit political books, advocates fair governance without cunning.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

南インド，タミル文学の代表的古典《クラルKural》の著者。5世紀ころの人。生没年不詳。機織階層出身のジャイナ教徒であったとみられる。《クラル》は1330詩節から成る箴言集で，インド人が掲げる人生の三大目標〈徳〉〈富〉〈愛〉を題名とする3章から構成されている。第1章〈徳〉は，一般の人々が従うべき道徳を述べたもので，女性に比較的高い地位を与えている点に特色がある。第2章〈富〉は，王，大臣など権力者の政治倫理を説いたもので，サンスクリットの政治書と異なり，奸計のない公正な統治を唱導している。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

<<: Dirham (English spelling)

>>: Tilden, Samuel Jones