When an AC electric field is applied to a dielectric from the outside, a portion of the electric energy supplied by the electric field is consumed as heat energy within the dielectric. This is called dielectric loss. The energy consumed at this time is also called dielectric loss. Generally, for dielectrics, D=εε 0 E (D is the electric flux density, E is the electric field, ε is the relative dielectric constant, and ε 0 is the relative dielectric constant of a vacuum) holds. When the electric field E is AC, and this is expressed as a complex number, the dielectric constant ε is a real number if there is no dielectric loss, but if there is dielectric loss, it becomes a complex number = ε'-jε". Here, the real part ε' represents the ordinary dielectric constant, and the imaginary part ε" represents the dielectric loss. Dielectric loss can also be expressed as tan δ = ε"/ε', where δ is called the loss angle. Dielectric loss occurs when the electric flux density D of the dielectric cannot immediately follow the electric field E, and the phase of D lags behind the phase of E by δ. Generally, the smaller the dielectric loss of a dielectric material, the more desirable it is. However, there are also technologies that utilize dielectric loss. Examples of this include microwave ovens and dielectric dryers. [Shozo Sawada] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
誘電体に外部から交流電界をかけるとき、電界によって供給された電気エネルギーのうち、一部分が熱エネルギーとして誘電体の中で消費される。このことを誘電損失という。またこのときの消費エネルギーのことをも誘電損失という。一般には誘電体でD=εε0E(Dは電束密度、Eは電界、εは比誘電率、ε0は真空の比誘電率)が成立する。電界Eが交流のとき、これを複素数で表すと、誘電率εは、誘電損失がない場合には実数であるが、誘電損失があると複素数=ε′-jε″となる。ここで、実数部ε′は普通の誘電率を、虚数部ε″は誘電損失を示す。誘電損失はtanδ=ε″/ε′ででも表され、δは損失角といわれる。誘電損失は、誘電体の電束密度Dが電界Eにただちには追従できなくて、Dの位相がEの位相よりδだけ遅れることによっておこる。誘電材料の誘電損失は普通は小さいほど望ましい。しかし逆に誘電損失を利用する技術もある。電子レンジ、誘電乾燥機などがこれである。 [沢田正三] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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