Voice (English)

Japanese: 態 - たい(英語表記)voice
Voice (English)
A grammatical category of verbs. Also called aspect. Shows the relationship of the subject of a sentence to the action expressed by a finite verb. The form of a finite verb when it is the subject of the action is called active voice, and when it is the object of the action it is called passive voice. In Sanskrit and Greek, there is a form in the conjugation system when the subject performs an action with itself as the object, which is called the middle voice. Originally, this term referred to the category of verb inflection, but in a broader sense, the passive voice is also used to express passivity using auxiliary verbs or through derivations, expanding the concept of voice.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
動詞における文法範疇の一つ。相ともいう。文の主語が,定動詞の表わす動作に対してどういう関係にあるかを示すもの。動作主になっている場合の定動詞の形を能動態,対象になっている場合のそれを受動態という。サンスクリット語やギリシア語には,主語が自身を対象として動作を行う場合の形が活用体系のなかにあり,これを中動態と呼ぶ。本来は,このように動詞の語形替変の範疇をいったものであるが,広義では,助動詞を用いたり派生によったりして受身を表わす場合にも受動態と呼んで,態の概念を拡大解釈している。

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