A land system said to have been in place during the Zhou dynasty in China. It was named after the square farmland that was divided into the shape of the character for well, and first appeared in "Mencius." When a piece of land measuring one ri (about 400 meters) on each side is divided into nine sections in the shape of the character for well, each section is 100 mu (about 1.8 hectares). The eight surrounding sections are cultivated by eight households as "private fields," while the central section is cultivated jointly by the eight households as "public fields," and the harvest is paid to the ruler. In addition to the 100 mu of farmland, Mencius guaranteed the people five mu of residential land, hoping to give them "constant heart" by granting them "constant production." There are two theories about the Idenho system: one sees it as merely a Confucian political ideal, and the other sees it as an actual land system that was put into practice. In the latter case, it is believed to have been abolished by the reforms of Shang Yang of the Qin dynasty (350 BC). [Yoshihiko Ogura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
中国、周代に行われたと伝えられる土地制度。正方形の耕地を「井」字形に区画したところから名づけられ、『孟子(もうし)』に初めてみえる。一里(約400メートル)四方の土地を「井」字形に九区分すると、一区画が100畝(ぽ)(約1.8ヘクタール)となる。周囲の八区画は八戸の家がそれぞれ「私田」として耕し、中心の一区画を「公田」として八戸共同で耕して、為政者にその収穫を納入する。孟子は、この100畝の耕地のほかに五畝の宅地を民に保証し、「恒産(こうさん)」をもたせることによって、民に「恒心(こうしん)」あらしめようとした。 井田法は、儒家的な政治理想を説いたものにすぎないとする説と、実際に施行された土地制度とみる説とがある。後者の場合には、秦(しん)の商鞅(しょうおう)の変法(前350)によって廃止されたと考えられている。 [小倉芳彦] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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