Cambridge University

Japanese: ケンブリッジ大学 - けんぶりっじだいがく(英語表記)Cambridge University
Cambridge University

A traditional and prestigious university in England. Its origins are said to date back to the 12th century, but it is generally believed to date back to 1209, when a large number of students moved from Oxford University to avoid riots with the citizens. In 1226, a chancellor was appointed, and King Henry III then issued a notice to the mayor ordering him to welcome students who would bring honor and profit to the country. The first college was founded in 1284. In 1318, Pope John XXII granted the university the right to award degrees valid in all Christian countries, and it developed into a first-class university in both name and reality. During the Renaissance, it flourished as a center of new learning, largely due to the visit of the humanist Erasmus. It was also a base for the Protestant Reformation. In the second half of the 17th century, under the guidance of Newton, research in mathematics in particular progressed, and the university's reputation increased significantly. Institutional reforms progressed steadily from the mid-19th century onwards, with the university opening up to non-conformists, expanding the natural science department, adding more courses, and expanding and improving facilities.

[Yutaka Matsugaki]

current situation

As both universities are called "Oxbridge" along with Oxford University, the two universities are very similar in terms of organization and practices. The size of the colleges is slightly larger at Cambridge. As of 2000, Cambridge has 31 colleges, including Trinity College and King's College (three of which are women's colleges, and the rest are all coeducational). It advocates a small-group, hand-crafted university education based on the college system and tutorial system. Most of the college teachers, called fellows, also hold university-wide positions, and most of the university faculty are fellows or members of the colleges. There are 21 faculties, which are educational and research organizations for the entire university. The famous Cavendish Laboratory is also a university-wide facility. It is said to be characterized by scientific research due to the tradition since Newton, and has produced more than 60 Nobel Prize winners in the past, but the number of students in each major is almost equal between humanities and science.

As of 1997, the university has over 15,500 full-time students, of which approximately 4,500 are graduate-level students. Approximately 15% of the student body are international students from over 130 countries. The faculty and staff are approximately 7,000.

[Yoshihito Yasuhara]

[References] | Oxford University | College | Cavendish Laboratory | Cambridge
University of Cambridge
Along with Oxford University, it is one of the most representative universities in the UK. Many colleges are located on both sides of the River Cam, which runs through the center of Cambridge. The photo shows the attached library. Cambridge, UK ©Masashi Tanaka ">

University of Cambridge


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリスの、伝統と由緒ある大学。起源は12世紀にさかのぼることができるといわれるが、一般には1209年オックスフォード大学から、多数の学徒が市民との騒擾(そうじょう)を避けて移動したことに求められる。1226年総長が任命され、ついでヘンリー3世は市長に通告を出し、国に名誉と利益をもたらす学生を歓迎するように命じた。最初の学寮(カレッジcollege)は1284年に設立された。1318年教皇ヨハネス22世が、全キリスト教国に通用する学位の認定をこの大学に承認したことにより、名実ともに一流の大学に発展した。ルネサンス期には新学問の一中心として栄えたが、これは人文主義者エラスムスの来講に負うところが大きい。ここはまた宗教改革運動の拠点でもあった。17世紀後半にはニュートンの指導のもとでとくに数学の研究が進み、大学の名声はひときわ高まった。制度改革は19世紀なかば以降着々と進み、非国教徒への開放、自然科学部門の拡充、講座増設、施設の拡張・整備などが行われた。

[松垣 裕]

現状

オックスフォード大学とともに「オックスブリッジOxbridge」と称されるように、組織や慣行において両校ともよく似通っている。カレッジの規模はケンブリッジのほうが少し大きい。2000年現在、トリニティ・カレッジやキングズ・カレッジなど31のカレッジがある(うち三つが女子カレッジであとはすべて男女共学)。カレッジ制度とチュートリアル・システムtutorial systemを基盤とした少人数手作り方式の大学教育を標榜(ひょうぼう)している。カレッジのフェローfellowとよばれる教師の大半がユニバーシティ(全学)の教師職を兼任し、ユニバーシティの教職員のほとんどがカレッジのフェローないしそのメンバーでもある。全学の教育・研究組織である学部facultyは21を数える。有名なキャベンディッシュ研究所も全学の施設である。ニュートン以来の伝統から科学研究に特色があるといわれ、過去に60人以上のノーベル賞受賞者を出しているが、専攻分野ごとの学生数は人文学と科学それぞれほぼ均衡している。

 1997年現在、フルタイムの学生数1万5500人強。そのうち約4500人は大学院レベルの学生である。学生の約15%は130を超す国々からの留学生が占める。教職員数約7000人。

[安原義仁]

[参照項目] | オックスフォード大学 | カレッジ | キャベンディッシュ研究所 | ケンブリッジ
ケンブリッジ大学
オックスフォード大学とともに、イギリスを代表する大学。ケンブリッジの町の中央を流れるカム川両岸には多くのカレッジが集まる。写真は付属図書館。イギリス ケンブリッジ©Masashi Tanaka">

ケンブリッジ大学


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Cambridge Platonists

>>:  Cambridge Songbook - Cambridge Kayoshu (English) Carmina Cantabrigiensia [Latin]

Recommend

Hot Autumn - Atsuiaki

...The movement started as a criticism of the old...

Exchange arbitrage

It is an operation to earn interest by taking adv...

print-out

…The process of making a photograph using photogr...

Kawanarihiki - Kawanarihiki

〘 noun 〙 The exemption from paying annual taxes fo...

Oxychloride cement - Oxychloride cement

…Used for refractories, emergency construction, c...

takeover bid

...Acquisition of a large number of shares from a...

Collaer, P.

...Musical activity in the 20th century began wit...

Gyozan Shisho

...Abbreviated title: Gyozanshu. Title: Gyozan Sh...

Mr. Kakimoto - Mr. Kakimoto

...He is the greatest poet in the Manyoshu in ter...

Western Colobus

...Head and body length is about 70 cm, tail leng...

Fujita Group

It began as an organization established by Fujita...

National clothing

As part of the national spiritual mobilization mo...

Vitalism

In the theory of life, vitalism is opposed to mec...

Youth in the Storm - Arashi no naka no seishun (English title) I Am a Camera

British film. Produced in 1955. A postwar film dir...

counterintelligence

...In a broad sense, military intelligence includ...