How to identify -

Japanese: 明認方法 - めいにんほうほう
How to identify -

This method of public notice has been recognized by precedent as a substitute for registration against third parties for standing trees and unseparated fruits such as mandarin oranges and rice stalks. For example, for groups of trees or individual trees that are not subject to the Standing Trees Act, methods include putting up signs or scraping the bark to write the owner's name and number, and for mandarin orange orchards and rice fields before harvesting, methods include marking out the land. Under the current Civil Code, standing trees are included in the ownership of the land, and unseparated fruits are included in the ownership of the fruit trees, so they cannot be traded independently. However, standing trees and unseparated fruits have long been traded separately from the land and fruit trees, and there was a custom of using the above-mentioned method of clear recognition. Therefore, precedents have recognized that the ownership of standing trees and unseparated fruits belongs to someone different from the owner of the land or fruit trees, and have determined that the method of clear recognition is sufficient for public notice. In addition, Article 10, paragraph 2 of the Land and House Lease Law states that even if a leaseholder's building is destroyed, if certain information is posted in a conspicuous place on the land, the leaseholder can assert the leasehold to a third party for two years after the building is destroyed. This is also an example of a method of certification recognized by law.

[Yasuyuki Takahashi and Masamitsu Nozawa]

[Reference item] | Countervailing requirements

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

立木(りゅうぼく)やミカン・稲立ち毛などの未分離果実について、登記にかわる第三者対抗要件として判例によりとくに効力を認められた公示方法。たとえば、立木法の適用を受けない樹木の集団や個々の樹木については立て札をたてるとか、樹皮を削って所有者名や番号を記すとかといった方法や、一定区域のミカン畑や刈り取り前の稲田については、縄張りするという方法がこれにあたる。現在の民法では、立木は土地の、未分離果実は果樹の所有権にそれぞれ含まれるものとしているため、独立して取引の対象とはならないことになる。しかし、立木や未分離果実などは、古くからその土地や果樹とは別に独立して取引されており、前記のような明認方法を施す慣習があった。そこで、判例は、立木や未分離果実の所有権が土地や果樹の所有者と別人に帰属することを認め、その公示は明認方法で足りるものとしたのである。なお、借地借家法第10条2項は、借地権者の建物が滅失しても、一定の事項を土地の上の見やすい場所に掲示しておけば、建物の滅失から2年間は、その借地権を第三者に主張することができるとする。これも、明認方法を、法律が認めた例である。

[高橋康之・野澤正充]

[参照項目] | 対抗要件

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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