The pressure that acts on any surface in a stationary liquid. The only stress that acts on a surface in a stationary fluid is the pressure perpendicular to that surface; no shear stress acts along the surface. The pressure at any one point in the fluid is equal in all directions. It is generally used to describe a system in which only pressure acts, compressing an object equally from all directions. If the density of the fluid is ρ and the Earth's gravitational acceleration is g , then the pressure difference between two points at heights different by h in a stationary fluid is ρ gh . The pressure in water and oil can almost always be considered to be hydrostatic pressure. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
静止している液体の中の任意の面に作用する圧力。静止流体の中の面に働く応力はその面に垂直な圧力だけで,面に沿う方向のずれ応力は働かない。流体内の任意の1点における圧力は,すべての方向に対して等しい。一般に,物体をすべての方向から均等に圧縮するような圧力だけが働く系を表わすのに使われる。流体の密度を ρ ,地球の重力加速度を g とすると,静止流体の中で,高さが h だけ違う2点の圧力差は ρgh である。水や油の中での圧力はほとんど静水圧と考えてよい。
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