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A Chinese writer and calligrapher in the mid-Ming dynasty. His pen name was Xi Zhe. He was from Changzhou (Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). He is known as one of the "Four Talented Men of Wuzhong" along with his fellow townsmen Xu Zhenqing, Wen Zhengming, and Tang Yin. He was born with a six-fingered hand, so he was called Zhi Zhi Sheng or Zhi Shan. A precocious genius, he loved wine, sex, and competition, hated the common people, and admired the high spirits of the Jin people, and many of his eccentricities are said to have occurred. He did not pursue politics until middle age, but after serving as governor of Xingning County in Guangdong, he became the governor of Yingtian Prefecture in the capital, so he is also known as Zhu Jing Zhao. He was skilled in copying and imitating calligraphy from the time he was in his prime, and is said to have devoted himself to studying ancient and modern legal texts until his later years. He excelled in all styles, but his most highly regarded works since ancient times are the elegant small regular calligraphy he learned from Zhong Yao of the Wei dynasty, and the unique style of kyōka calligraphy he acquired from learning from Huaisu of the prosperous Tang dynasty. His small regular calligraphy work "Sui Shi no Hyo" and his kyōka calligraphy work "Seki Heki no Fu" are particularly well known.

[Shigenori Tsutsui]

"Masterpieces of Calligraphy Series 111: The Writings of the Imperial Army and the Writings of Red Cliffs" (1963, Nigensha) "Calligraphy Art 8: Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhengming, and Dong Qichang" (1972, Chuokoron-Shinsha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)代中期の文人、書家。字(あざな)は希哲。長洲(ちょうしゅう)（江蘇(こうそ)省蘇州）の人。同郷の徐禎卿(じょていけい)、文徴明(ぶんちょうめい)、唐寅(とういん)とともに「呉中の四才子」とよばれている。生まれつき枝指（六つ指）であったことから、枝指生または枝山と号した。早熟の英才で、酒色と勝負事を好み、俗を憎んで晋(しん)人の高踏を慕い、多くの奇行が伝えられている。中年までは政治に志を得なかったが、広東の興寧県の知事を経て、首都の応天府通判になったので、祝京兆(けいちょう)ともよばれる。書は壮年のころから臨摹(りんも)（臨写・模写）に巧みで、晩年に至るまで古今の法書の研究に努めたといわれ、各体をよくしたが、魏(ぎ)の鍾繇(しょうよう)を学んだ古雅な小楷(しょうかい)と、盛唐の懐素(かいそ)を習って独得の風韻を得た狂草とが、古来高く評価されている。小楷は『出師表(すいしのひょう)』、狂草は『赤壁賦(せきへきのふ)』がとくに知られる。

［筒井茂徳］

『『書跡名品叢刊111　出師表・赤壁賦』（1963・二玄社）』▽『『書道芸術8　祝允明・文徴明・董其昌』（1972・中央公論社）』

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