Cluster - Cluster (English spelling)

Japanese: クラスター - くらすたー(英語表記)cluster
Cluster - Cluster (English spelling)
A cluster is a group of grapes or other fruits or flowers, and is a term used to refer to an aggregate of individual pieces that work together like grapes. In chemistry, a cluster refers to a group of atoms or molecules that range from a few to several thousand. Stable clusters formed by strong chemical bonds such as metallic bonds and covalent bonds are attracting attention as building materials for nanotechnology. For example, when carbon is evaporated by discharge or other methods and then re-aggregated, a large number of clusters consisting of 60 carbon atoms are specifically generated. These are stable spheres of about 1 nm (n (nano) is one billionth) in size, formed by carbon atoms bonding in pentagonal and hexagonal shapes, and are called Buckminsterfullerenes. Various nano-sized carbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes with a tubular structure, are being researched. On the other hand, clusters formed by weak bonds such as van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds are important as models for the local structure of solutions and DNA pairs.

(Professor Teijiro Ichimura, Tokyo Institute of Technology / 2007)

Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo

Japanese:
クラスターとはブドウなどの果実や花の房のことで、ブドウの粒のような個が連携した集合体の呼称。化学におけるクラスターは、原子や分子が数個から数千個程度集まったものを指す。金属結合や共有結合などの強い化学結合で形成された安定なクラスターは、ナノテクノロジーの構成材料として注目されている。例えば炭素を放電などで蒸発させて再凝集させると、炭素原子60個で構成されたクラスターが特異的に多数生成する。これは炭素原子が五角形と六角形に結合して約1nm(n〈ナノ〉は10億分の1)の安定な球状になったもので、バックミンスター・フラーレンと呼ばれる。管状構造のカーボンナノチューブなど様々なナノサイズの炭素素材が研究されている。一方、ファンデルワールス力や水素結合といった弱い結合で構成されたクラスターは、溶液の局所構造やDNA対などのモデルとして重要。

(市村禎二郎 東京工業大学教授 / 2007年)

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